Anatomy of Nervous

System
By:
Rey Martino

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 Principal divisions:
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
a. brain & the spinal cord

2. Peripheral Nervous System

(PNS)
a. 12 cranial nerves (CN)
b. 31 spinal nerves
c. autonomic nerves
a. sympathetic
b. parasympathetic

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Parts of the Brain

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 Cerebrum

• 80% of Brain
• Rt and Lt Hemispheres separated by
Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure and connected
internally by Corpus Callosum
• Outer Cortex (Grey matter), inner layer of
White matter
• Cortex has many Convolutions – Sulci and Gyri
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 Cerebral Lobes

• Frontal
• Parietal
• Temporal
• Occipital
• Insular Lobe

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Cerebral Lobes

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 Basal Nuclei

• Specialized paired masses of gray matter located

deep within the white matter of the cerebrum
 Corpus Striatum
 Caudate Nucleus
 Putamen
 GlobusPallidus
 Subthalamus
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Basal Nuclei

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 Thalamus

• Large paired oval mass of gray matter

• Has many nuclei
• Function
 Relay center for impulses to the cortex
 Interprets sensory impulses
 Initiates Autonomic responses

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Thalamus

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 Hypothalamus

• Part of the Limbic System (Controls Emotion)

• Seen below the hypothalamus
• Has many nuclei
• Functions
 Controls the ANS
 Temperature Regulation
 Sleep Regulation
 Osmoreceptors/Feeding centers
 Sex centers
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 Mesencephalon

• Midbrain - the short section of the brain stem

between the diencephalon and the pons
• Contains the
• Corpora quadrigemina
 Superior Colliculi – Visual Pathway
 Inferior Colliculi – Auditory Pathway
• Cerebral peduncles - Support
• Red nucleus – Cerebellum to Cerebrum (Posture)
• Substantianigra – Inhibits Involuntary movements

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 Cerebellum

• Second largest structure of the brain

• Two hemispheres and a central constricted area called the
vermis
• Outer Cortex with convolution called folia
• Three paired bundles of nerve fibers called cerebellar
peduncles support it (Superior, Middle and Inferior)
• Function
 coordinating skeletal muscle contraction
 maintaining posture and muscle tone
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Cerebellum

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 Pons

• Rounded bulge between the midbrain and the

medulla oblongata
• Scattered throughout are several nuclei associated
with specific cranial nerves
• Respiratory centers i.e. apneusticand pneumotaxic
areas are in the Pons

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 Medulla Oblongata

• Bulbous structure about 3 cm long

• Consists of several cranial nerve nuclei and the
sensory relay
• Cardiac, Vasomotor and Respiratory Center
• Sneezing, Coughing, Swallowing, Vomitting reflex
centers

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 Meninges

• Covering of the Brain

• Dura
• Arachnoid
• Pia

• Dural Sinuses
• Spaces between the layers

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Meninges

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 Ventricles of the Brain

• Set of 4 continuous cavities containing

cerebrospinal fluid
• Also continuous with the central canal of the spinal
cord
 right and left lateral ventricles
 third ventricle
 fourth ventricle
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Ventricles of the Brain

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 Spinal Cord

• Foramen magnum of the occipital bone to the level of the

first lumbar vertebra (L1)
• Two prominent enlargements
 Cervical enlargement between C3 and T2
 Lumbar enlargement between T9 and T12
• Terminal portion of cord - ConusMedullaris
• Filumterminalea fibrous strand composed mostly of pia
mater, extends from the conusmedullaris to the coccyx
• Nerve roots from the conusmedullaris are collectively
referred to as the CaudaEquina
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Thank you!

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