Introduction to LTE

소속 : Campnet TS Team
이름 : 오정환
Contents.

1. Introduction to LTE.

2. Air Interface Concepts.

3. LTE Physical Layer.

1. Introduction to LTE
1-1. 국내 이동 통신사별 LTE 도입 계획 현황 (2010.07)
1. Introduction to LTE
1-2. 전세계 이동 통신사별 LTE 도입 계획 현황 (2010.07)
1. Introduction to LTE
1-2. 전세계 이동 통신사별 LTE 도입 계획 현황 (2010.07)
 1. Introduction to LTE
1-3. LTE context and timeline

LTE is just one of five major new wireless technology developments

1. 3GPP LTE 2. 3GPP HSPA+ 3. 3GPP Edge Evolution 4. 3GPP UMB 5. WiMAX
All five systems share very similar goals in terms of spectral efficiency, with the wider systems providing the
highest single user data rates

Spectral efficiency is primarily achieved through use of less robust higher order modulation schemes and
multi-antenna technology ranging from basic Tx and Rx diversity through to full MIMO

HSPA+ and Edge Evolution are natural extensions to existing technologies

LTE, UMB and WiMAX are new OFDMA systems with no technical precedent other than the early
implementation of WiBRO, which is now a WiMAX profile.
1. Introduction to LTE
1-3. LTE context and timeline
1. Introduction to LTE
1. Introduction to LTE

1-4. LTE Goal

Spectrum Flexibility

Higher Peak Data Rates with wider 20 MHz channel bandwidth

OFDMA enables less complex implementation of Advanced Antennas/MIMO Technology

OFDMA better suited for Broadcast Services

But terminals will have to carry the legacy of GSM, GPRS, WCDMA and HSPA which increases overall
complexity
1. Introduction to LTE
1-5. LTE Major Features and Requirements - (1)
1. Introduction to LTE
1-5. LTE Major Features and Requirements - (2)
1. Introduction to LTE
1-5. LTE Major Features and Requirements - (3)
2. Air Interface Concepts
2-1. OFDM - Basic theory for the OFDM
 2. Air Interface Concepts
2-1. OFDM - Basic theory for the OFDM

The Spectrum of a Complex Tone Pulse is a Sinc with Zeros at Multiples of FP = 1/TP
2. Air Interface Concepts
2-1. OFDM - Basic concepts

 Slower symbol rate x multiple carriers = similar bits/sec/Hz

 Less susceptible to :
 Single freq. interface
 Multipath dropouts
 Impulse noise

 Carrier spacing creates orthogonality.

 Phase noise, timing and frequency

offsets decrease orthogonality.
2. Air Interface Concepts
2-1. OFDM - Basic concepts
2. Air Interface Concepts
2-1. OFDM - access the system for more safely.

: Assigned sub-carriers for user_1

: Assigned sub-carriers for user_2
2. Air Interface Concepts
2-1. OFDM - Multipath Effects
 2. Air Interface Concepts
2-1. OFDM - Cyclic Prefix (CP)
If the sample duration is delayed until the last ray has arrived, and terminated before the first ray
ends, the signal is a pure sine wave that is free from inter-symbol interference.

The Cyclic Prefix is the time delay between first arrival and start of sampling.
2. Air Interface Concepts
2-1. OFDM - Pilot Carriers
A Portion of the Carriers are Not Modulated and Provide Amplitude and Phase References for
the Nearby Modulated Channels. These must be spaced close enough for interpolation to provide
valid references to the active sub-carriers.
2. Air Interface Concepts
2-2. SC-FDMA - Basic concept.
2. Air Interface Concepts
2-2. SC-FDMA - Basic concept.
 2. Air Interface Concepts
2-2. SC-FDMA - Flow(1)
 To transmit the sequence :
1, 1 -1, -1 -1, 1 1, -1
using SC-FDMA first create
a time domain representation
of the IQ baseband sequence.

 Perform a DFT of length M and sample

rate M/(symbol period) to create M
FFT bins spaced by 15kHz. SHIFT

 Perform an IFFT to create a time domain signal of the frequency

shifted original
 Insert the cyclic prefix between SC-FDMA symbols
2. Air Interface Concepts
2-2. Transmitter and Receiver
3. LTE Physical Layer
3-1. Air Interface Concepts
Variable channel bandwidths
1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz

OFDMA for DL and SC-FDMA for UL

Multipath resistance

MIMO in DL for Increased reliability and capacity

3. LTE Physical Layer
3-2. Time and Frequency Grid
 3. LTE Physical Layer
3-3. Slot Structure and Physical Resource Element
- DL (OFDMA) -
A Resource Block(RB) is basic scheduling unit

A RB contains :
7 symbols (1 slot) X 12
subcarriers for normal cyclic prefix or;
6 symbols (1 slot) X 12
subcarriers for extended cyclic prefix

Minimum allocation is 1ms (2 slots) and 180 kHz (12

subcarriers).

Condition NRBSC NDLsymb

Normal
Δf = 15kHz 12 7
Cyclic prefix

Δf = 15kHz 12 6
Extended
Cyclic prefix
Δf = 7.5kHz 24 3
 3. LTE Physical Layer
3-4. Slot Structure and Physical Resource Element
- UL (SC-FDMA) -

Resource Block = 0.5ms X 180kHz

Condition NRBSC NULsymb

Normal
12 7
Cyclic prefix

Extended
12 6
Cyclic prefix
3. LTE Physical Layer
3-5. Downlink Frame Structure
3. LTE Physical Layer
3-6. Uplink Frame Structure - PUCCH Mapping
3. LTE Physical Layer
3-6. Uplink Frame Structure - PUSCH Mapping
3. LTE Physical Layer

3-7. LTE Physical Layer Overview.

Physical Signal
• Generated in Layer 1
 Used for System Synchronization
 Cell Identification and Radio Channel Estimation.

Physical Channels
• These Carry Data from higher layers including Control, Scheduling and
User Payload.
3. LTE Physical Layer
3-8. Physical Signal Definitions
3. LTE Physical Layer
3-9. Physical Channel Definitions
3. LTE Physical Layer
3-10. Downlink Physical Mapping
3. LTE Physical Layer
3-11. Downlink Physical Mapping
 3. LTE Physical Layer

3-12. Error Detection and Correction

 CRC for error detection

Transport block level and Code block level

 Turbo coding or convolutional coding for error correction.

 Data and control (CQI, PMI, RI) multiplexing for UL-SCH

 Interleaving for better error resistance