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= Definition
- A system that collects, conveys and
discharges stormwater runoff from the
drainage basin to designated outflow
collection points
- Typically used in urbanized areas
= Elements of design
- hydrology: design flow and volume
- hydraulics: inlet, conveyance in open
channel and closed conduit, temporary
storage in detention basin, & outfall
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= 2atch Basin: A basin, typically with a
grated cover, to which surface runoff
drains. The basin may be along a curb
side or in the middle of a field. The
bottom of the basin is typically
connected to a drainage pipe, and the
basin serves as an inlet to the storm
drain system.
2 )
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1. Layout drainage channels and pipes to
provide transport of runoff
2. Delineate the drainage area from which
runoff drains toward a pipe or channel
3. Determine drainage pipe or channel size
4. Design catch basins, manholes, detention
basins, and other pertinent structures
5. Conduct system-wide drainage analysis to
ensure connectivity and system capacity
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4. Reasonable velocity may be 10 ft/sec
5. At any junction or manhole, the
downstream pipe should not be smaller
than any of the upstream pipes
6. Typically, the rational method is used
to determine design discharge because
of its simplicity and suitability to small
urban drainage areas
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= Q = i2A
Q: discharge in cfs
2: dimensionless runoff coefficient
depending on surface condition and area
slope
i: rainfall intensity in inches per hour
A: drainage area in acres
= when there is more than one basin that
drains into a junction, use
Q = iXè2A)
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= Typically prepared by local water
agency as part of rainfall intensity-
duration-frequency curve such as
Figure I-1 of DSD
= ´iµ is a function of design return
period and rainfall duration (which is
equal to time of concentration)
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= here
Tr = design return period in years
Tc = rainfall period in hours which is
assumed to be the same as the time of
concentration
= Sonoma County proposed this
relationship for the local area (note:
this Tc is in minutes):
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= For either case, need to determine Tc
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= Usually a function of watershed slope,
length, surface roughness and rainfall
intensity
= May be computed by runoff calculation or
from flood hydrograph
= Simplified time of concentration estimate
by Yen and Chow [FHA-RD-82-063, 064
& 065, 1983]
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= Tc = time of concentration in hours
= N = overland texture factor (see next slide)
= L = length of longest flow path in feet
= So = average slope
= K = constant defined below
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= N ² overland texture factors
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= Matadero Creek in Palo Alto:
L = 7.2 miles = 38000 ft
S = 2% = 0.02
N = between suburban and dense
residential
= 0.05 from table
K = heavy rain > 1.2 in/hr
= 0.012
= Tc = 0.012 (0.05*38000/(0.02)^0.5)^0.6
= 3.6 hours
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= Use the Sonoma County relationship and the
Matadero watershed time of concentration to
compute the 10-year and 100-year design rainfall
intensities: * *%
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= Tc = 216 min., for 10-year rain intensity, i =0.42
in/hr
= For the 100-year event, i = 0.59 in/hr
= Note that the ratio between a 10-year and 100-
year rainfall intensity is only 1.4
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= For each drainage area, knowing A (in
acres), estimating C, and computing Tc
to get i, the design discharge (Q) can be
computed.
= The minimum pipe diameter (for nearly
full flow) that is required to convey the
design discharge may be computed using
one of the 2 formulae below:
· |4
= If using Manning·s formula (in English units):
-%
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= 2 useful relationships to relate Manning·s n and
Darcy f
-
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-
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= here es = equivalent sand grain roughness in
ft
D = pipe diameter in ft
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= Size a storm drain pipe to convey a design
runoff of 280 cfs from a junction at El.
545 ft to a junction at El. 523 ft. The
linear distance between the 2 junctions is
1200 ft. Assume reinforced concrete pipe.
= Answer: Using the Manning·s formula
Q = 280 ft
n = 0.015 (estimated average
condition)
So = (545-523)/1200 = 0.0183
D = 4.84 ft
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= Now use the Darcy-eisbach formula
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= *
es = 0.0128 ft
Using D = 4.84 ft, es/D = 0.00265
= -
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f = 0.025
And computing for pipe diameter, we have
D = 4.85 ft
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= Design considerations:
- located at every change of pipe size,
horizontal direction or vertical alignment
- spaced at no more than 400 ft
- Minimum diameter of 36 - 48µ to allow
access and maintenance activities, at least
large enough to accommodate all pipes
connected with a minimum of 3 inches of
wall thickness on both sides of all pipes
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65 °
= Same size pipes upstream and
downstream of junction
= No change in direction of flow
= Noticeable high head loss and vortex
and instability when ratio of junction
depth (Y) to pipe diameter (D) is
between 1 and 2.
= Head Loss = K V2/2g
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65 ° 0
65 ° 0
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65 ° 0
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65 ° 0
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65 ° 0
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= Routing follows the same procedure
provided in Table 9-1 (p. 343) of
Design of Small Dams
= Outflow may be provided by a conduit
(pipe or box culvert). Under full flow
condition, the discharge is governed
by an orifice-flow condition
)
= C = discharge coefficient
A = conduit area
H = total energy head
Q = discharge
= Loss coefficient ko is related to C
by:
w C ko
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