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prepared by
Janice Meeking,
Mount Royal College
CHAPTER 12
The Central
Nervous
System:
• Three regions
• Midbrain
• Pons
• Medulla oblongata
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
Midbrain
Accessory nerve (XI)
Pons Brainstem
Medulla
oblongata
Diencephalon
Midbrain
• Superior Corpora
colliculus quadrigemina
• Inferior of tectum
colliculus
Pineal gland • Trochlear nerve (IV)
• Superior cerebellar peduncle
Pons
• Middle cerebellar peduncle
Medulla oblongata
Anterior wall of • Inferior cerebellar peduncle
fourth ventricle • Facial nerve (VII)
• Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Choroid plexus • Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
(fourth ventricle) • Vagus nerve (X)
Dorsal median sulcus • Accessory nerve (XI)
Thalamus
Dorsal root of Hypothalamus
Diencephalon
Spinal cord
• Respiratory centers
• Generate respiratory rhythm
• Control rate and depth of breathing, with
pontine centers
Lateral
nuclear
group Nucleus
Medial ambiguus
nuclear
group Inferior olivary
Raphe nucleus
nucleus Pyramid
Medial lemniscus
(c) Medulla oblongata
Figure 12.17
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anterior lobe
Cerebellar cortex
Arbor
vitae
Cerebellar
peduncles Posterior
• Superior lobe
• Middle Choroid
• Inferior plexus of
Medulla Flocculonodular fourth
oblongata lobe ventricle
(b)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12.17b
Anterior
lobe
Posterior
lobe
(d) Vermis
Visual
impulses Auditory
impulses
Reticular formation
Ascending general Descending
sensory tracts motor projections
(touch, pain, temperature) to spinal cord
• Motor function
• Helps control coarse limb movements
• Reticular autonomic centers regulate visceral
motor functions
• Vasomotor
• Cardiac
• Respiratory centers
• Anticonvulsive drugs
• Vagus nerve stimulators implanted under the
skin of the chest can keep electrical activity of
the brain from becoming chaotic
Time (hrs)
(b) Typical progression of an adult through one
night’s sleep stages
• Narcolepsy
• Lapsing abruptly into sleep from the awake
state
• Insomnia
• Chronic inability to obtain the amount or quality
of sleep needed
• Sleep apnea
• Temporary cessation of breathing during sleep
Afferent inputs
Temporary storage
Data permanently
(buffer) in
lost
cerebral cortex
Data selected
Automatic
for transfer Forget
memory
Short-term
memory (STM) Forget
Data transfer
influenced by:
Retrieval Excitement
Rehearsal
Association of
old and new data
Long-term
memory
(LTM) Data unretrievable
2. Nondeclarative memory
• Less conscious or unconscious
• Acquired through experience and repetition
• Best remembered by doing; hard to unlearn
• Includes procedural (skills) memory, motor
memory, and emotional memory