Introduction to

The Actiflo Process®

- a compact solution for treatment of

drinking water, process water and
wastewater
 Actiflo®

• Actiflo® is a combination of:

- Chemical precipitation
- Micro-sand enhanced flocculation
- Lamella sedimentation
 Actiflo® - the Principle

Coagulant Micro-sand Polymer

Water

Primary Floc
particles
 Actiflo® - Floc

150 m
 Actiflo® - Consumables

• Coagulant
– Aluminium based
– Iron based
• Flocculant
– Organic polymer
– Anionic, non-ionic or cationic
• Micro-sand
– Ordinary silica sand
– Effective size ~120 m
• Electricity
 The Actiflo® Process
Sludge

Hydrocyclone

Micro-sand

M M M M
Treated
water

Coagulant

Water

Injection Maturation Lamella

Coagulation
sedimentation
Polymer
 Actiflo® - Design Criteria

Drinking water Wastewater

Retention time:
Coagulation 2 min. 1 min.
Injection 2 min. 1 min.
Maturation 6 min. 2 min.
Overflow rate: 40 - 60 m/h 80 - 120 m/h
 Actiflo®

Special Components
 Actiflo® - Sand Scraper

• Scrapes the micro-sand and sludge to the centre of the

lamella settler
 Actiflo® - Recirculation Line

• Transports the micro-sand and

sludge from the lamella settler to the
hydrocyclone
• Sand pump
– Centrifugal pump with rubber lining
– Controlled flow proportional to inlet
(approx. 4-6%)

• Piping
– Made of PE (poly-ethylene)
 Actiflo® - Hydrocyclone

• Separates the micro-sand and the sludge by

means of the centrifugal force

Sludge

Micro-sand
and sludge

Micro-sand
 Actiflo® - Lamellas

• Short distance of
sedimentation
• Laminar upflow
• Made of plastic
 Actiflo® - Dosing of Reagents

• Coagulant
– Dosed directly by
pumps

• Polymer
– Matured in a
preparation unit

• Micro-sand
– Dosed directly
 Actiflo®

Characteristics
 Actiflo® - Characteristics

• High treatment efficiency

• Efficient use of chemicals
• Compact system
• Short start-up time
• Stable process
• Versatility
 High Treatment Efficiency

Wastewater Recipient Drinking

water water
CSO Primary Tertiary

Suspended solids 80-98% 75-90% 50-80% 70-90% -

COD 65-90% 55-80% 20-50% 55-70% -

Total phosphorus 50-95% 50-95% 50-95% 50-90% -

Orthophosphate 50-98% 50-98% 50-98% 50-98% -

Turbidity - - - - < 99.9%

 Efficient Use of Chemicals

Price (EUR) Electricity

Sand
Coagulant 10 g Fe/m3 1.30 cent/m3

Flocculant 1.0 g/m3 0.40 cent/m3

Flocculant
Sand 4 g/m3 0.03 cent/m3

Electricity 30 Wh/m3 0.20 cent/m3

Total 1.93 cent/m3 Coagulant

 Compact System

Conventional
(2 m/h)

Ac Lamella
tif type
lo ®
(20 m/h)
 Short Start-up Time

300 Inlet
250

200
SS, mg/l

150

100 Outlet

50

0
0 5 10 15 20
Time, min.
 Stable Process

350

300

250
Inlet
200
SS, mg/l

150

100
Outlet
50

Time
 Krüger’s Package Plants

Actifloc™ Actiflo®
(One line) (One line)
Model m3/h Model m3/h Model m3/h

AFP1 40 APW1 40 APWW1 80

AFP2 80 APW2 80 APWW2 160

AFP3 160 APW3 160 APWW3 320

AFP4 320 APW4 320 APWW 640

APW: Drinking water and process water type, APWW: wastewater type
 Applications

• Drinking water
– Surface water
– Ground water
– Wash water from filters

• Wastewater
– Primary
– Tertiary
– By-pass

• Industry
– Process water
 Actiflo® - Installations

• Drinking water
– More than 170 installations
– Smallest plant: 25 m3/h (Pakua Shipu, Canada)
– Biggest plant: 40,000 m3/h (Selangor, Malaysia)

• Wastewater
– More than 70 installations
– Smallest plant: 60 m3/h (Toyobo, Japan)
– Biggest plant: 110,000 m3/h (Acheres, France)

• Industry
– More than 50 installations
 Actiflo®

Investigations
 Actiflo® - Investigations

• JAR-tests
– Performed in laboratory
– Indication of efficiency
 Actiflo® - Investigations

• Pilot studies
– Performed on-site
– Process optimisation
– Necessary dosing
– Efficiency
– More than 40 studies
performed by Krüger
Capacity :
30-120 m3/h
Actiflo® - Pilot Studies

Drinking water

Wastewater
 Actiflo®

Selected Pilot Studies

Jaslo, Poland
Drinking water
 Jaslo, Poland
Drinking water

Dosages Coagulant: 1.0 mg Al/l

Polymer: 0.30 mg/l

Influent Effluent Removal

Turbidity 4-730 NTU 0.22-2.8 NTU 96-99%

Suspended solids 4-834 mg/l 0-1 mg/l 99-100%
Colour 18-45 mg/l 1-5 mg/l 89-94%
COD 5.4-31.1 mg/l 2.0-2.7 mg/l 61-93%
Aluminium 0 mg/l 0.05 mg/l
ZWA – Brauchwasserwerk Kriebethal, Germany
Process water
 ZWA – Brauchwasserwerk Kriebethal, Germany
Process water

Dosages Coagulant: 1.0 mg Al/l

Polymer: 0.30 mg/l

Influent Effluent Removal

Turbidity 41-110 NTU 0.7-1.0 NTU 97-99%

COD 24-87 mg/l 7-9 mg/l 70-89%
Suspended solids 110-310 mg/l 5-15 mg/l 95%
Karlskoga, Sweden
CSO
 Karlskoga, Sweden
CSO

Dosages Coagulant: 20.0-35.0 mg Fe/l

Polymer: 1.00-1.25 mg/l

Influent Effluent Removal

Suspended solids 100-1,600 mg/l 5-20 mg/l 90-99%

COD 200-500 mg/l 50-120 mg/l 60-80%
BOD7 110-330 mg/l 25-60 mg/l 75-85%
Total P 4-10 mg/l 0.1-0.5 mg/l 90-99%
Ortho P 2-4 mg/l 0.05-0.25 mg/l 90-98%
Total N 40-50 mg/l 35-40 mg/l 15-20%
Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Wasserwerk
Friedrichshagen, Germany
Filter backwash water
 Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Wasserwerk
Friedrichshagen, Germany
Filter backwash water

Dosages Coagulant: 6.0-10.0 mg Fe/l

Polymer: 0.25-0.30 mg/l

Influent Effluent Removal

Turbidity 168-660 NTU 0.7-2.5 NTU 99%

Suspended solids 100-190 mg/l 0.4-3.1 mg/l 97-99%
Mn 2.1-5.1 mg/l 0.1-0.17 mg/l 96-99%
Fe 30-74 mg/l 0.32-0.64 mg/l 99%
Kalmar, Sweden
Wastewater, tertiary
 Kalmar, Sweden
Wastewater, tertiary

Dosages Coagulant: 2.0 – 4.0 mg Al/l

Polymer: 0.70 mg/l

Influent Effluent Removal

Suspended solids 2-6 mg/l 2-4 mg/l 0-50%

Total phosphorus 0.6-1.6 mg P/l 0.1-0.2 mg/l 80-90%
Orthophosphate 0.4-1.5 mg P/l 0.03-0.10 mg P/l 90-95%
 Actiflo®

Selected Full-scale Installations

 GELITA Sweden AB
Process water

• Capacity: 320 m3/h

• Contract signed in June 2004
• Package plant in one line
• Start-up in January 2005
 GELITA Sweden AB
Process water, 320 m3/h

Dosages Coagulant: 5.0 mg Al/l

Polymer: 0.20 mg/l

Influent Effluent Removal

Turbidity 5-11 NTU 0.3-0.4 NTU 90-97%

COD-Mn 11 mg/l 2.0 mg/l 80%
Total colour 100-150 mg Pt/l 2.5-10 mg Pt/l 90-98%
Filt. colour 100 mg Pt/l 2.5-5.0 mg Pt/l 90-97%
 Eslöv, Sweden
Wastewater

• Capacity: 250 m3/h

• Contract signed in April 2004
• Package plant in two lines
• Start-up in January 2005
 Eslöv, Sweden
Wastewater, 250 m3/h

Dosages Coagulant: 40-80 mg Fe/l

Polymer: 2.0 mg/l

Influent Effluent Removal

Suspended solids 240-810 mg/l 40-100 mg/l 75-95%

COD-total 1,200-2,500 mg/l 400-1,600 mg/l 25-70%
Total-P 18-22 mg P/l 3-5 mg P/l 70-85%
N-kj. 90-100 mg N/l 20-35 mg N/l 70-80%
Bäckhammars Bruk, Kristinehamn, Sweden
Process water, 2.000 m3/h
 Bäckhammars Bruk, Kristinehamn, Sweden
Process water, 2.000 m3/h

Raw water

7,5 m

Process
Water 31 m
 Bäckhammars Bruk, Kristinehamn, Sweden
Process water, 2.000 m3/h

Dosages Coagulant: 6-7 mg Al/l

Polymer: 0.3 mg/l

Influent Effluent Reduction

Turbidity - <0,3 FTU -

Colour 140-200 mg Pt/l <10 mg Pt/l 90-95%
COD 45-60 mg/l 10-15 mg/l 70-80%
KMnO4 80-110 mg/l 20 mg/l 70-80%
Temperature 1oC - -
 Borås, Sweden
Wastewater, tertiary

5,400 m3/h
2,700 m3/h 2,700 m3/h

Ac
27 m Existing lamella separators ti flo
®

Effluent
53 m 6.3 m
 Borås, Sweden
Wastewater, tertiary, 2,700 m3/h
 Borås, Sweden
Wastewater, tertiary, 2,700 m3/h

Dosages Coagulant: 6-10 mg Al/l

Polymer: 0.7-1.0 mg/l

Influent Effluent Removal

Suspended solids 5-50 mg/l 3-10 mg/l 40-80%
Total phosphorous 0.7-1.5 mg P/l 0.05-0.20 mg P/l 85-95%
Ortho-phosphate 0.2-1.0 mg P/l 0.01-0.15 mg P/l 85-95%
 Borås, Sweden
Wastewater, tertiary, 2,700 m3/h
 Actiflo®
Conclusion

• Versatile process

• Some of the advantages are :

– Compact system  small foot print  low installation costs
– High treatment efficiency  superior effluent quality
– Flexible process  easy to optimise
– Short start-up time  almost no “dead time”
– Stable process  handles extreme conditions
– Simple  easy to operate
• Well documented efficiency
– More than 300 installations since 1991 (~ 970.000 m3/h)