Synthesis and Characterization Lithium Iron Phosphate

Cathode Materials

Arun Kumar, Reji Thomas and Ram S. Katiyar

Department of Physics and Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of
Puerto Rico, San Juan.
 Motivation
 Realization of high electronic conductivity in LiFePO4
• High Performance:
Provides a High Theoretical capacity of 170mah/g and
a High Practical capacity as high as 165mah/g.
• Extremely Safe/Stable Chemistry
High intrinsic safety, non-explosive
High thermal stability
• High Discharge Rate Capability
• Extraordinary Long Cycle Life
• No memory effect
• Environmentally Friendly
• Non-toxic, non-contaminating-no rare metals
• Wide working temperature range
• From -45°C to 70°C ( Extremely cold and extremely hot
weather will not affect its performance)
 Structure of olivine LiFePO4
The structure of LiFePO4 (triphylite) viewed along
the b axis. The P
atoms occupy tetrahedral sites; the Li and Fe
atoms occupy octahedral sites.

Charge and discharge

Heterosite Structure Olivine Structure

Pure LiFePO4

4.4
15th ch 1st ch

V o lta g e (V v s L)i/L i
5th ch
4.0 2.5-4.5V

+
I=15mA/g

3.6

3.2

2.8 1st dis

15th dis
5th dis
2.4

0 20 40 60 80
capacity mAh/g

 The flats voltage profile of about 3.4 V versus Li/Li +

is characteristic of olivine structure.
 Electrochemical charge/discharge tests of the
composite cathodes showed a significant
improvement of nanomaterial (LFP/C) utilization and
high discharge capacity.
 Carbon-Coated LiFePO4
(C-LiFePO4)

 Electrochemical charge/discharge tests of the composite cathodes with RTA

showed high rate capability and capacity compared to conventionally
annealed samples.
 Zinc doped – LiFePO4

4.4
4.4
4.2
4.0
LF0.93Zn0.07PO4 4.2
LF0.97Zn0.03PO4
Cycled between 4.0
3.8 Cycled between
Voltage (V)

2.5- 4.3 3.8

Voltage (V)
3.6 Ic=Id=30 mA/g 2.5- 4.3
3.6 Ic=Id=30 mA/g
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.0 3.0
2.8 2.8
2.6 2.6
2.4 2.4
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 20 40 60 80 100
Capaciy mAh/g Capacity mAh/g
 Zinc doped – LiFePO4/10%C
0.0006

0.0004 LF0.97Z0.03P/C
0.1mV/s
LFP/C
Current (A)

0.0002 LF0.93Zn0.07P/C

0.0000

-0.0002

-0.0004

-0.0006
2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4
Potential (V)

The result indicate that the Zinc atoms prevent the collapse of
the LiFePO4 lattice structure
 Graphene-Coating LiFePO4
4.4
4.2 4.4
5% graphene
4.0 4.2 10%graphene
3.8 4.0
Potential(V)

3.6 3.8

( V)
P o te n ttial
3.4 3.6
3.2 3.4 1C
C/10
3.0 3.2
2.8 C/5
1C 3.0
10C
2.6 2.8
2.4 2.6
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2.4
Capacity mAh/g
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Capacity mAh/g

4.5
4.2 LiFePO4/graphene  10% graphene coated LiFePO4
Voltage , V

3.9
composites delivered high rate
3.6
10%Coated capability at 1.2C its show
3.3 15%Coated
1.2C discharge capacity of
3.0 C/3
5%coated C/2.5 145.12mAh/g .
2.7
2.4  LiFePO4/ graphene composites
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 may be a promising candidate for
Capacity mAh/g lithium secondary batteries.
Thank You