THEORIES OF FAILURE AND ITS

APPLICATION

By – 33032: Kunal Mahapadi

33033: Vaibhav Mane
33036: Maroti Mundhe
33039: Tejas Nate
 INTRODUCTION
• Theories of failure are those theories which
helps to determine the safe dimensions of a
machine component when it is subjected to
combined stresses due to various loads acting
on it during its functionality.
 Various THEORIES OF FAILURE
1. Maximum Principal Stress Theory
2. Maximum Shear Stress Theory
3. Maximum Principal Strain Theory
4. Total Strain Energy Theory
5. Maximum Distortion Energy Theory
6. Coulomb-Mohr Theory
 Maximum Principal Stress Theory
• According to this theory, the failure
occurs when,

• For safety against failure,

• Considering factor of safety,

 Application Of Max Principal
Stress Theory
• This theory ignores the possibility of failure
due to shear stress.
• The ductile materials are relatively weaker in
shear.
• Hence, this theory is not useful for ductile
materials.
• However, for the brittle materials which are
relatively strongly in shear, this theory is used.
 Maximum Shear Stress Theory
• According to this theory the failure
occurs when,

• For safety against failure,

• Considering Factor of safety,

 Application of Maximum Shear Stress Theory

• The ductile materials are weaker in shear.

• Hence, this theory which accounts for shear
failure, is used for ductile material.
• If this theory is used the results are on safer side.
• Hence, when there exists some uncertainty in
loading or assumptions are made in design for
simplification, this theory is preferred.
 Maximum Principal Strain Theory
• Condition for failure,
• Maximum Principal strain (ε1) >Yielding strain
under tensile test (ε Y.P.)T.T
• ε1> (ε Y.P.)T.T or Syt/E
• where E is Young’s Modulus of Elasticity
• Condition for safe design,
• Maximum Principal strain ≤ Permissible strain
• ε1 ≤ Syt/EN
• 1/E [σ1 - μ(σ2 + σ3)] ≤ Syt/EN
• σ1 - μ(σ2 + σ3) ≤ Syt/N
• for biaxial state of stress, σ3 = 0
• σ1 - μ(σ2) ≤ Syt/N
 Applications of Maximum
Principal Strain Theory
• This theory can be applied for ductile and
brittle materials both but results are not
accurate for either case.

• Demerits :
• This theory is not much used for design
purposes.
• This is not a very popular theory.
 Total Strain Energy Theory
• Condition for failure,
• Total Strain Energy per unit volume Strain energy per
unit volume at yield point
• (T.S.E. /vol) under tension test (S.E /vol) Y.P.] T.T
• Condition for safe design,
• Total Strain Energy per unit volume ≤ Strain energy
per unit volume at yield point under tension test.
• Strain energy per unit volume up to Elastic limit (E.L) =
1/2 σE.L εE.L
• Total Strain Energy per unit volume =
1/2 σ1 ε1 + 1/2 σ2 ε2 + 1/2 σ3 ε3 (triaxial)
• ε1 = 1/E [σ1 - μ(σ2 + σ3)]
• ε2 = 1/E [σ2 - μ(σ1 + σ3)]
• ε3 = 1/E [σ3 - μ(σ1 + σ2)]
• T.S.E. /vol = 1/2E [σ12 + σ22 + σ32 - 2μ (σ1 σ2
+ σ2 σ3 +σ3 σ1)]
• To get [(S.E /vol) Y.P.] T.T ,
• Substitute σ1 = σ = Syt/N , σ2 = σ3 = 0
• [(S.E /vol) Y.P.] T.T = 1/2E ( Syt N )^2 (9)
• σ1^2 + σ2^2 + σ3^2 - 2μ (σ1 σ2 + σ2 σ3 +σ3
σ1) ≤ (Syt/ N )^2
• for biaxial state of stress, σ3 = 0
• σ1^2 + σ2^2 - 2μ σ1 σ2 ≤ (Syt /N )^2
 Maximum Distortion Energy Theory

• What is total strain energy?

• The total strain energy is made up of two
parts:
1. Strain energy producing the change in
volume
2. Strain energy producing the distortion
Known as distortion energy
• The distortion energy per unit
volume in a component is given by,

• The distortion energy per unit

volume at yield strength is given by,

• According to this theory, the

failure occurs when,

• Now equating we get,

• For a biaxial stresses putting we get,

• Hence for safety against failure,

• Considering factor of safety,

 Applications of Maximum Distortion Energy
Theory

• For a ductile material, the distortion energy

theory is very accurate and more actual failure
than any other theory.
• Hence, this theory is widely used for the ductile
materials when accurate results are required.
• This theory is known as Von Mises And Hencky
Theory or Shear Energy Theory.
 Coulomb-Mohr Theory
• What is Coulomb-Mohr
Theory?
• Figure Shows two Mohr
circles: one for uniaxial
tension test and one for
uniaxial compression test.
• The tangents
to two Mohr circles are
the failure lines.
• The shaded area represents
the safe zone.
• According to Coulomb-Mohr
Theory, for safety against
failure,

• Considering factor of safety,

THANK YOU