Tyas - Matter and Its State 2011

MATTER AND
ITS STATE
Tyas Ajeng Puspitasari,

S.Pd
Grade VII Semester 2
2010/2011
Junior High School 1 Malang
TYAS
CONTENT
Three states of matter
●
Solid
●
Liquid
●
Gas
Adhesion and Cohesion
Surface Tension and Capillarity
Density
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2 www. tyas-physics.blogspot.com
MATTER
Matter is something that has mass
and occupy space
How many state of matter do you know?
What are they?? 3 4 or

3 5 ??
Solid Liquid But wePlasma
will only
Bose-Einstein
focus to three
Gas
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Condensate
states of matter
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 The state of certain matter depends on its
temperature.
The phase or state of matter can change when the

temperature changes. Generally, as the temperature
rises, matter moves to a more active state.
When temperature’s object is increased, the object
has RECEIVED HEAT
When temperature’s object is decreased, the object
MENU has RELEASED HEAT
For example, water becomes ice
(solid) in the low temperature and water
(liquid) in the room temperature. At
higher temperature, water changes into
water vapour (gas).
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CHANGING STATE OF
MATTER
Condensation
Sublimation : :Released Heat
Received Heat
Deposition : Evaporation :Received

Released Heat Gas Heat
Melting :Received Heat

MENU Liquid
Solid
Freezing :Released Heat
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KINETIC THEORY OF PARTICLE
 1. The all matter consist of tiny particles
 2. Every particles always move in all
direction.
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SOLID
The Motion of Particles in a Solid

The particles in a solid are attracted
to each other by strong forces that
keep the particles close together.
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The forces between
solid’s particles are BIG
enough.
The particles in solid do
not have sufficient energy
to move very far from
each other.
SOLID So the only way they can

move is to vibrate
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LIQUID
Particles in a liquid are close

together, but can slide past
each other.
Liquid flows and its shape is
similar with the shape of its
container.
Liquid cannot be
compressed to make its
volume smaller.
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 The particles in liquid have sufficient
energy to move and roam.
 The movement of these particles causes
liquid to flow and have the shape like its
container.
 Liquid also has unchanged volume because
its particles are close to each other, nearly
MENU as close as the solid particles.
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GAS
Gas particles have
sufficient energy
to separate
themselves from
other particles.
A gas spreads out until it has the

same volume as its container.
Describe how the volume of the
gas changes.
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Forces Between Particles in a Gas
 The forces between

these particles are weak.
 The particles in a gas are
move freely past each
other.
 They can be compressed
into smaller space
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ON YOUR OWN BOOK
Describe characteristics of each state of matter, based on
DRAW its:
ARRANGE
MENT  shape (change or constant?)
PARTICLES
 Volume (change or constant?)
OF SOLID
 Mass (change or constant?)
 compressibility (Can be or cannot be compress?)
 arrangement particles (describe the arrangement
particles)
 Force between particles (strong, weak or very weak?)
 Movement of particles (describe the movement)
 Average Kinetic energy (high or low?)
 Density (high or low?)
SOLID LIQUID GAS
SHAPE Has a constant Has changed shape Has Changed shaped

shape (based on its container) (based the shape of the
container)
VOLUME Has a constant Has a constant Has changed

volume volume volume
(Fills up the container)
MASS Has a constant Has a constant Has a constant

mass mass mass
Compressi Cannot be Cannot be Can be
bility compressed compressed compressed
Arrangemen Very close each Close but not as Very far apart
t of particles other close as solid
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SOLID LIQUID GAS
Force Very strong Not so strong Very weak

between
particles
Movement Particles vibrate Particles move Particles move
of particles in their own about freely about at random
position
Kinetic Have little Have more kinetic High kinetic
energy of kinetic energy energy energy
particles
DENSITY High Moderate Very low
(sedang)
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EXERCISE
1. What is adhesion?
2. What is cohesion?
3. Observe the water and mercury’s surface inside test tube. Does
it flat?
4. Water’s surface is curving ….. (downward / upward)
- It is also called by…..
- Why does it happen?
5. Mercury’s surface is curving ….. (downward / upward)
- It is also called by…..
- Why does it happen?
6. How is kerosene goes up through the oil stove fuse?
MENU 7. What is capillarity?
8. Explain the causes of mosquito can walk above the water.
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Adhesion and cohesion
Adhesion is attraction force between dissimilar particles

Cohesion is attraction force between similar particles
Water surface is Mercury surface

curving upward. is curving
It is also called by downward.
concave meniscus. It is also called by
Adhesion is convex meniscus.
stronger than its Cohesion is
cohesion stronger than
Water Mercury
MENU adhesion
concave meniscus = meniskus cekung convex meniscus = meniskus cembung
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Analyze its adhesion
and cohesion.
Cohesion is attraction between______ particles and ______ particles

Adhesion is attraction between______ particles and ______ particles
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Cohesion is _______ than Adhesion
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Surface tension
Surface tension is a property of the surface of a
liquid. Surface tension is caused by cohesion .
The surface tension of the water allows the insect
to walk on the water without sinking.
Capillarity
Capillarity is the rising of liquid up or
down in a capillary tube.
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capillary tube (pipa kapiler)= a tube of small cross-sectional area,.

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Water surface inside
capillary tube
Mercury surface inside
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capillary tube
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DENSITY
Density is defined as mass per unit volume
ρ (rho) = density ( kg/ m3)
m = mass (kg)
V = Volume (m3)
Density is not influenced by the mass and the volume of the matter.
The same matters have the same density too.
Different matters have different density too.
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Density= massa jenis atau kerapatan

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SI unit of density is kg/m3
• The other unit of density is g/cm3 and g/mL
The conversion unit of density:
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Exercise
2 50 cm3 m
20 cm3
270 g ρ V
1. Calculate the density of the stone from the figure above.
2. We say that density of alcohol is 0.8 g/cm3. This also can written as…..
kg/m3
3. A piece of zinc has a mass of 71 g and a volume of 10 cm3 . What is the
density of zinc?
4. Iron has a density of 7.9 g/ cm3 what is the mass of 200 cm3 of iron?
5. A rectangular box has dimensions of 10 cm by 15 cm by 20 cm. It has a
mass of 24 kg. What is the density of the box in gr/cm3?
6. Ten identical steel balls were immersed in a measuring cylinder
containing 20 cm3 of water. The reading of the water level rose to 50
cm3. If the density of steel is 9.0 g/cm3, what is the mass of one ball?
7. The density of iron is 7,900 kg/m3. A ship made of iron has mass of
MENU 15,800 kg. What is the volume of the ship in m3?
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8. A bottle full of water has a mass of 45 g. When it is filled up
with an unknown liquid, X, it mass is 360 g. If the mass
of the empty bottle is 20 g. Calculate the density of
unknown liquid, X.
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How does an object float (mengapung) or sink (tenggelam)
in the water?
 compared the density of an object with density of water
The oil in this beaker is

Cork (gabus)
layered on top of the
water because it is less
Oil
dense (kurang rapat) than
the water. Similarly, the
Water cork floats on the oil
Density of water because it is less dense
MENU ρwater = 1 g/cm3 than either the oil or the
= 1000 kg/m3 water.
Example 1
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Exercise 3
1. Four students do an experiment and the result is shown by the following
table: Student Mass (gram) Volume (cm3)
A 38.4 48
B 38.4 64
C 21.6 27
D 18.9 27
Objects which made from the same matter is measured by students….
a. A and B b. C and D c. A and C d. B and D
2. Students do experiment with the following apparatus.
ml 85 ml
15 60
0,5
From result of experiment like in the figure, the density of stone is…
a. 3.42 g/cm3 b. 4.02 g/cm3 c. 4.58 g/cm3 d. 4.62 g/cm3
3. What is the density of the object beside

MENU if the mass of object is 300 grams??
a. 3.0 g/cm3 c. 15 g/cm3
b. 7.5 g/cm3 d. 320 g/cm3
CHALENGING QUESTION
1. Students are investigate a metal which they got in the road. To know the
kinds of that metal, they doing an experiment by measure mass and
volume like the figure below.
Metal Density (kg/m³)
Iron 7900
Gold 19300
Silver 10500
Aluminum 2700
After they compared with data density of metal, the metal which found
is…
A. Iron B. Gold C. Silver D. Aluminum
2. An object with density of 800 kg/m3 and volume of 200 cm3. What is the
mass of that object?
A. 0.016 kg B. 0.16 kg C. 1.6 kg d. 16 kg
Thank You
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The density of iron is 7,900 kg/m3. A ship
made of iron has mass of 15,800 kg. What is
the volume of the ship in m3?
Given: ρ = 7,900 kg/m3
m = 15,800 kg
Question: V = ?
m 15800kg
Solution:  7900kg / m  2m
V   3
3

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MATTER AND

Tyas Ajeng Puspitasari,

Adhesion and Cohesion

Surface Tension and Capillarity

What are they?? 3 4 or

The phase or state of matter can change when the

Deposition : Evaporation :Received

Melting :Received Heat

The Motion of Particles in a Solid

SOLID So the only way they can

Particles in a liquid are close

A gas spreads out until it has the

 The forces between

SHAPE Has a constant Has changed shape Has Changed shaped

VOLUME Has a constant Has a constant Has changed

MASS Has a constant Has a constant Has a constant

Force Very strong Not so strong Very weak

Adhesion is attraction force between dissimilar particles

Water surface is Mercury surface

Cohesion is attraction between______ particles and ______ particles

capillary tube (pipa kapiler)= a tube of small cross-sectional area,.

Density= massa jenis atau kerapatan

The conversion unit of density:

The oil in this beaker is

3. What is the density of the object beside

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