HIV/AIDS SITUATION IN INDIA

Group5
GUIDED BY:
Dr. Dhirendra Kumar
Dr. Dipti Govil
Dr. Shilpi M. Sharma
 Contributions

Introduction & methodology-- Ishita

Current status — Akanksha & Mahendra

Indicators— Gunjan, Geetika, Krati, Anisha, Ankita

Health policies— Khyati

Recommendations– Aditi Mittal

 Index
• Introduction
• Blacker’s model
• Current status in India
• Indicators
• Health policies by Govt. for HIV/AIDS
• Recommendations-The way forward…
• References
INTRODUCTION
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes 
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) a condition in humans in
which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-
threatening opportunistic infections. Infection with HIV occurs by the
transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk.
BackgroundMETHODOLOGY
Intermediate HIV/AI
characterist characteristi
ics cs DS
●
● 1.Socio-cultural: ●
● 1.Health care system:
●
● Education ●
● Poor infrastructure
●
● Occupation
●
● Unresponsiveness of medical
●
● Social stigma professionals.
●
● Poor ICTC services.
●
● Poor family support ●
● 2.Health seeking behavior:
●
● 2.Demographic: ●
● Lack of ANC
●
● Age group ●
● Low contraceptive use (43%)
●
● Sex ●
● 3.Autonomy:
●
● Migration ●
● Women empowerment
●
● Development in high ●
● Lack of decision making
prevalent states power.
CURRENT
CURRENTSTATUS
STATUSIN
ININDIA
INDIA
 Estimated number of people living with
people living with HIV-AIDS (2007)

• People living with hiv-aids : 2.31 million

• Adult(15 years and above) : 0.34%

 NFHS-III (2005-2006)
• Countrywide, the HIV prevalence rate among
men is 60% higher than the rate for women --
for men aged 15-49 it is 0.36%, and for
women it is 0.22%.
• Among men and women, the prevalence rate
is highest in the 30-34 age-group. The
prevalence rate is a whopping 40% higher in
Indian cities than in the villages.
 HIV prevalence by state
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6 women
Column1
0.4
0.2
0
sh ka ra r
e a t ip
u adu e sh
ad at
ash an n ad
p r rn ar m il p r
a m
h ra k ah ta ar
d m utt
an
 ESTIMATED NUMDER OF ADULTS &
CHILDREN
4000000

3500000

3000000

2500000

2001
2000000
2007

1500000

1000000

500000

0
SOURCE : HIV SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE & HIV ESMITATION 2007
SOURCE : HIV SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE & HIV ESMITATION 2007
SOUTH 4 – AP , TN , KARNATAKA , MAHARASHTRA NE 2 : MANIPUR , NAGALAND
NORTH 4 :GUJARAT , RAJSTHAN ,ORISSA ,WB
SOURCE : HIV SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE & HIV ESMITATION 2007
SOURCE : HIV SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE & HIV ESMITATION 2007
SOURCE : HIV SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE & HIV ESMITATION 2007
SOURCE : HIV SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE & HIV ESMITATION 2007
REASONS OF HIGH PREVALENCE
North-eastern states--
• Free availability of drugs due to easy access to international
border
• Women Trafficking.
• Major reason behind HIV/ AIDS - IDU.

Southern states:
• Drug use and women trafficking.
• Homosexual activities are more prevalent
SEX WISE DISTRIBUTION OF HIV
AIDS IN INDIA
 Interpretation
• High risk behavior.

• Drug abuse.

• Homosexuality is more prevalent in males.(MSM)

Sex wise HIV prevalence among
different age groups
0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4 male
female
0.3

0.2

0.1

0
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49
 Interpretation
•This age group indulges more in unsafe sexual
activities as compared to older age groups.

•This age group indulges more in drug abuse.

•Mother to child transmission is maximum in this age as

this age group is the most fertility bearing.
 HIV Prevalence among migrants and non migrants
0.6

0.5

0.4

HIV Prevalence among migrants and non

migrants
0.3

0.2

0.1

0
Migrant Non migrant
 Interpretation
• Migrants & travelers indulge in more of
the high risk behavior.

• Illiteracy & ignorance.

• Long stretches away from home.

INDICATORS
 GENERAL INDICATORS
 Population:
• India is estimated to have the third largest population of people living with
HIV/AIDS.

• As of 2004, about 39% of people living with HIV/AIDS were women.

• By the end of November 2005, the total number of reported AIDS cases in
India was 116 905, of which 34 177 were women.

• Data also indicate that about one third of reported AIDS cases are among
people younger than 30 years.

• Spilling over of the infection from high risk groups to general population
through bridge population
 Household:

• The gender and household position of the deceased appear to strongly

condition the effects on the household.

• The death of a male household head is associated with larger negative

impacts on household size, farm production and livestock assets than any
other kind of adult death.

• Poorer households headed by HIV/AIDS widows are in especially

precarious positions.
 Literacy rate:

• Illiteracy limits the access to information on transmission

diagnostic centres and treatment of HIV AIDS

• Whereas educated people are quicker to change their behavior

once information on high risk behavior has been transmitted,
behavioral change among less educated people is less likely to
happen.

• Increase in drop out rates of school going children of HIV

infected households
 Mortality Indicators
 Child Mortality:
• As of 2005, UNAIDS estimated that 2.3 million of the 38.6
million people worldwide living with HIV were children under
the age of 15.
• Every day 1,400 children die of AIDS –related illnesses and
another 1,500 become infected.
• Ninety-five percent of HIV infections in children are acquired
through mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy,
around the time of delivery, or during breastfeeding
 Maternal deaths:
• HIV infection and AIDS-related deaths have become one of
the major causes of high maternal mortality ratio in India.
• Women account for nearly half the approximately 2.5
million infected with HIV/AIDS.
• Heightened vulnerability to the disease can be traced
primarily to socio-economic reasons—early marriage,
violence and sexual abuse
• Women are especially vulnerable to the disease and there is
lack of awareness of HIV/AIDS in the low prevalence
states
• More susceptible to direct or obstetric causes of maternal
mortality complications of caesarean, such as post-partum
hemorrhage, puerperal sepsis
 FERTILITY INDICATORS
 Unmet needs of family planning & Use of contraceptive:
• Though the contraceptive usage in India has increased to about 50%
of the married couples yet some large states of India also lag behind
other parts of the country in terms of family planning.
• The average family size in the state of Uttar Pradesh is between four
and five children, and modern contraceptive prevalence there is 22
percent.
• Even after being aware of contraceptive availability some women do
not accept it or, having accepted the need, some others do not proceed
to use contraception.
• This might be related to fertility problems or to method related
problems or due to opposition from husband and family or due to lack
of information and access.
TFR
MAIN PROGRAMS & POLICIES BY
GOVERNMENT FOR HIV/AIDS
 National AIDS Control Programme
(NACP)
• NACP-I was from 1992 to 1997 and was later extended to
1999.
• NACP-II commenced with effect from April 1999.
• NACP-III-- 2006-2011.
• Initially activities consisted of surveillance, screening of blood
and blood products and health education.
• Objectives: (i) to reduce the spread of HIV infections; and 
(ii) to strengthen the capacity of Central and State
Governments to respond to HIV/ AIDS on a long - term basis.
(iii) Strengthen the strategic information management system
(iv) Care, support & treatment to PLHA
 National Aids Control Organisation
(NACO)
• National AIDS Control Organisation is a division of the
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare that provides
leadership to HIV/AIDS control programme in India
through 35 HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Societies.

• Since 1992 NACO has been the spearhead nodal body at the
national level for all matters relating to HIV/AIDS including
formulation of policy, prevention and control programs.

• NACO has been mandated to ‘lead and catalyse an expanded

response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in order to contain the
spread of infection, reduce people’s vulnerability to HIV and
promote care within an enabling environment’
Month-april 2010 Total number of patients alive and on ART

sr. number state name no. of ART centres total(adult) total(pediatric) total
1Andhra pradesh 38 65516 3672 69188
2raunchily pradesh 1 28 0 28
3Assam 3 893 36 929
4Bihar 6 5625 268 5893
5Chandigarh 1 1544 154 1698
6Chhattisgarh 4 1494 122 1616
7Delhi 9 6981 616 7597
8goad 1 966 63 1029
9Gujarat 16 15056 803 15859
10Haryana 1 1575 95 1670
11hibachi Pradesh 2 813 89 902

12Jammu and Kashmir 2 522 40 562

13Jharkhand 2 1447 103 1550
14Karnataka 33 38848 2958 41806
15Kerala 7 4273 232 4505
16Madhya Pradesh 7 3578 242 3820
17Maharashtra 50 71528 5060 76588
18Manipur 7 5243 426 5669
19Meghalaya 1 86 3 89
20Mizoram 1 686 52 738
21Nagaland 5 1660 100 1760
22Orissa 4 2335 87 2422
23Pondicherry 1 536 59 595
24Punjab 5 4916 294 5210
25Rajasthan 6 6831 463 7294
26Sikkim 1 35 1 36
27Tamil nadu 36 39556 2546 42102
28Tripura 1 118 1 119
29utter Pradesh 10 11121 644 11765
30Uttaranchal 2 579 53 632
31west Bengal 9 6101 310 6411
Total 272 300490 19592 320082

Intersectoral{sector(SAIL
,ESI,railways,defence)} 2458 21 2479
Grand total 302948 19613 322561
RECOMMENDATIONS
 GOVERNMENT LEVEL
• Continous surveillance
• Awareness programmes
• Increased health care allocations
• Identification of high risk groups
• Access to treatment for all
• Removal of stigma and discrimination
• Developing appropriate guidelines
 COMMUNITY LEVEL
• Awareness
• NGOs
• Sex education for adolescents
• Change in attitude
• Autonomy in sex workers
 INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
• Self awareness
• Use of condoms
• Staying with single partner
• Avoid sharing needles in case of drug abusers
• Breaking social stigma
 REFERENCES
• www.mohfw.org
• National Population Commission
• NFHS-3
• UN Publications
• UNAIDS
Thank you