Indus Water Accord, Trilateral

Perspective:Pakistan¶s Options

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Why Indus Water Treaty?
 Inter-Dominion Accord, May 4, 1948

 Pakistan registered a robust protest against un-

provocative Indian hydrological aggression, which
realized India to act as a responsible, civilized
nation-state.
 1951, extremely deteriorated situation forced
Pakistan to resort the World Bank, to help break the
stalemate and fix the water problem perpetually.
 World Bank¶s provision of good offices and birth of
Indus Water Treaty*
*The HENRY L. STIMSON CENTRE ³The Indus Water Treaty: A History
 Salient Features of the Treaty (IWAT)

 Brokered by the World Bank and concluded at Karachi on

Sept.19,1960 between the Republic of India and The Islamic
Republic of Pakistan.
 By a towering Indian freedom Fighter and post- Independence
Premier of India, Jawaharlal Nehru and the first military
coup-maker turned self-styled President of Pakistan, Field
Marshal (FM) Muhammad Ayub Khan.
 Treaty Consists of Three Parts, i.e. Preamble, Twelve Articles
and Eight Annexure.
 Entitles India, the Uninterrupted usage of waters of Eastern
Rivers, viz. Ravi, Sutlej and Beas*.
 To Pakistan, It entitles, the usage of waters of Western Rivers,
i.e. Indus, Jhelum and Chenab**.
*Article ll, lV Annexure B of the Indus Water Treaty 1960.
**Articles lll, lV, Annexures, C,D,E of IWT 1960.
 ÷enesis of Aquatic wrangling over IWT

÷rowing need of water and energy

prompts India to exploit the loop-
holes of the treaty.

Construction of multiple
Dams/Hydro-electric power Projects
over western Rivers by India.
 Pakistan¶s Perspective

 India is building innumerable Water

reservoirs/Hydro-Electric Power Projects on
Western Rivers.
 It flagrantly violates the terms/provisions of the
IWT.
 India is committing gross Water Thievery and
depriving Pakistan of its due right on western Rivers.
 For Pakistan, Kashmir is not as important as the
Water is*.
*Dr.Manzur Ijaz, Editorial, Washington Diary: India Pakistan Conundrum, March 3, 2010
 India¶s Perspective

 India is duly complying with the provisions of the Treaty.

 It is only establishing ³Run of the River´ Dams/ Hydro-
Electric Power Projects sanctioned by the Treaty.
 ³÷lobal Warming has adversely affected the flow of the water.
 Carriage of heavy sediments by the Rivers and Silting of
dams´*.
 ³Pakistan¶s stance is highly jingoistic and uninformed.
 The treaty apportioned 80% and 20% to Pakistan and India
Respectively.
 Treaty empowers India the construction of 3.6 Million Acre
Feet (MAF) of storage facilities which India so far has not
enjoyed.´**
 *Dr. S. Chandarasekharan, ³The Indus Water Treaty ü Its Dynamics and Reverberations´ Paper
#3676, South Asia Analysis ÷roup.
 **Arvind ÷upta, ³Vicious Anti-India Propaganda in Pakistan on water issues´ Institute of
Defense Studies and Analysis(IDSA) Comment, March 29, 2010 .
 Jammu and Kashmir¶s Perspective-the Unheard
Voice.

Background Information:
Under the principle of Federalism, nothing can be
done with the resources of a state without obtaining
its prior sanction.
³The State of Jammu and Kashmir was not consulted
by federation of India regarding the distribution of
Water Resources´.
Almost all the eastern and Western Rivers either
Originate from or Flow through the State of Jammu
and Kashmir.
Jammu and Kashmir¶s Perspective- the voice unheard.

³By signing the Indus Water Treaty : ³India

has almost bartered away its Sovereignty
over the State of Jammu and Kashmir
which Pakistan occupies illegally.´

³ The Construction of Mangla Dam, is

Pakistan¶s Tactical Victory, though there is
no provision as such under IWT.´
 Continued«.

³Pakistan got millions of US

Dollars as a free aid to
construct Irrigation
Infrastructure at home. While
India got fewer that too in
form of loan.´

³No body visualized the

Energy needs of the
inhabitants of the Jammu and
Kashmir´.

*Dr. DC Sharma, ³Abrogate

Indus Water Treaty´ the Daily
Excelsior February, 28, 2003
 Pakistan¶s Options

 Back-ground Information
 The Indo-Pak partition is directly responsible for the
conundrum of Water disputes between the two
countries.
 Both contend that the whole region consisting of
Jammu and Kashmir belong to them.
 The issue of Water Distribution is tightly linked with
the pacific solution of Kashmir.
 There are scores of Formulas propounded by
politicians and diplomats alike.
 Continued«..

 DIXON Plan*
 Abrogation of Indus Water Treaty 1960
 Re-negotiating the Treaty
 Agreeable interpretation of treaty
 Exploitation of Diplomatic Muscle
 ³Integrated Development Plan-an alternative Approach*
*Sundeep Waselkar, ³The Final Settlement´ published by International Center for
Peace Initiatives (ICPI), The Strategic Foresight ÷roup 2005.
Brigadier, Musharaf. P. ³The Arms Race in the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent,
Conflicts with the Pressing Requirements of Socio-economic Development.
What are its Causes and Implications? Is there a Remedy?´ Royal College of
Defense Studies, London. 1990
 Conspiracy Theories

 Radcliff award was conspiracy-ridden to give India

leverage over Pakistan
 Kashmir was deliberately left unresolved to keep
both countries at logger heads
 Ayyuab was an American stooge and Indus Water
Treaty was against the national Interest
 Lilienthal was An Indian sleuth working on the
Indian Pay-roll
 Voices within Pakistan

 We should let loose Le,T on India to

compell her to Negotiating Table
 We are nuclear armed State, in case of
Nuclear war India would be a looser.
 Indians are crafty, unreasonable and
has always collusioned against
Pakistan.
 Pakistan would be the winner if goes
for Nuclear Warfare with India.
 APRAISAL

 Indus Water Treaty is going to celebrate its ÷olden

Jubilee on 19th Spt. This year.
 We have to think rationally and act sanely.
 If we renegotiate the Treaty, what would be the
status of the earlier Indian Construction of
Dams/Hydro-Electric power generation units.
 Treating India cordially
 Abrogation of Treaty- War bugle
 The Treaty has a great potential of transforming the
protracted adversaries into amenable friends.
THANKS
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