|
  |

|
 |

1.Common law
2. Civil law
3. Islamic law
Common law used in united states and twenty six
other countries of English origins past court decision s act as
presidents to interpretation of the law and to common
custom.
K Civil law it basted ona comprehensive set
of laws organized into a code
interpretation of these laws is based on
reference to codes and statutes seventy
countries in Europe , France , Germany.
K Islamic law : based on religious beliefs in
dominates all aspects of life . Fllowed in
approximately twenty seven counties.
K
 efinition of contract
K contract is an agreement by the parties
concerned to establish a set rules to
govern a business transaction.
K
oth common law civil law countries
enforce contract .
K nder civil law it is assumed that contract
reflects promises that will enforced with
out a specifying the details on the contract.
K nder common law the details of promises must
be written into the contract to be enforced.
K ls bert broad foot who heads the political and
economic Risk consultancy in Hong Kong says ³
that western companies think they can avoid
political risk by spelling out every detail in a
contract.
K
ut in sia there is no short cut for managing the
relationship.
 mther Regulatory Issues
K he regulatory environment comprises the
many different laws and courts of those
nations in which company operates most
legal systems.
 Countries often impose policies
such as:
K 1. tariffs.
K 2. quotas
K 3.treade restrictions.
For example :
he Japanese have come under much
criticism for protectionism.
 country lax system
K Influence the attractiveness of investing in the
country and effects the relative level of
profitability for an MNC
K For example in Canada :
K he government has significant involvement in
the economy it has powerful role in many
industries including .
K 1. transportation
K 2.petro chemicals
K Fishing , steel
 he technological environment
K ech noglo balsam in which the rapid
developments in information and
communication technologies (IC are
propelling globalization and Vice versa.
K ppropnability of technology
K that is the ability of the innovating firm to
profit from its own technology by
protecting it from competitors.
 Risks to the appropriability of
technology
K Include
1. technology transfer
2.irating
3.Legal restrictions on the protection
 he most common methods of projecting
proprietary technology are use of

1. atents .
2. rade marks
3. rade names
4. Coprights
5. ads secrets.
atel : a small manufacture of detergent in
India provide an example of the success
full use of appreciate technology .
K E- business is the integration of system
process , organizations value chains and
entire markets using internet based and
related technologies and cmonepts.
K E- commerce : refers directly to the
marketing and sales process via the
internet .
K he internet and e- business provide numbers berof
uses and advantages in global business including the
following :
1. Convenience in conducting business world wide .
Facilitating communication across borders contributes
to the shift toward globalization and global market.
2. n electronic meeting and trading place , which add
efficiency in conducting business sales .
3. corporate intranet service , merging internal and
external information for enterprises world wide.
4. ower to consumers as they gain access to limitless
options and price differentials .
5. link and efficiency in distribution.
K rojected
2
use is by small and
medium- sized firms for three common
purposes.
1.uply chain
2. rocurement .
3. istribution channel.

arries to the adoption and
progression of E ± business.
1. Lack of readiness of partners in the value
chain
2. Chain cultural .
3. he global technology bust.
4. he creating global e. businesses including
differences in physical , information and
payment in fracture systems.
5. ses of the internet to facilitate and prove
global compatibleness construes to be
explored and discovered.
K Localizing : recognizing and conforming to
the nuances , subtleties and tastes of
multiple local cultures as well as
supporting transactions based on each
country¶s currency local connection speed
, payment preferences , laws , taxes and
tariffs.
he exchange illustrates two
K Major trending global competition
1. hose of cooperative global alliances
even among competitors to achieve
synergies .
2. he use of tecnology to enable those
connections and synergies.
E-
iz
ox Europ¶s ir bus Joins Global
ero space
2
Exchange.