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Laws in India about air

pollution and areas of this


environmental matter not
covered by laws
What is Air Pollution
• Air pollution" means any solid, liquid or
gaseous substance present in the
atmosphere in such concentration as may
be or tend to be injurious to human beings
or other living creatures or plants or
property or environment
Air Related Problems
• Photochemical Smog – caused by exhaust
of vehicles, factories and industries.
• Smog – combination of smoke and fog.

Causes: Pollutants from the exhaust of


vehicles and factory smoke – stacks and
incomplete burning of hydrocarbon.
Acid rain or Acid Deposition

• Causes: Oxides of nitrogen and sulfur


combine with water vapor in the
atmosphere to form acid that are
deposited at or near the earth’s surface in
the form of rain.
• Effects: Makes soil more acidic than
normal
• Acidic solutions dissolve toxic metals that
can leach in the soil and bodies of water.
• Causes defoliation and stunted growth of
plant roots.
• Kills marine life.
• Damages buildings and other structures;
corrodes metals and artifacts.
Laws
• 1948 – The Factories Act and Amendment in
1987 was the first to express concern for the
working environment of the workers. The
amendment of 1987 has sharpened its
environmental focus and expanded its
application to hazardous processes.
• 1981 - The Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act provides for the control and
abatement of air pollution. It entrusts the power
of enforcing this act to the CPCB (Central
Pollution Control Board)
• 1982 - The Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Rules defines the procedures of the
meetings of the Boards and the powers
entrusted to them.

• 1982 - The Atomic Energy Act deals with the


radioactive waste.
• 1987 - The Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Amendment Act empowers the central
and state pollution control boards to meet with
grave emergencies of air pollution.

• 1988 - The Motor Vehicles Act states that all


hazardous waste is to be properly packaged,
labelled, and transported.
Environmental Pollution and
Present Scenario in India
• Lack of Vision and Planning
There is a lack of vision and planning on
the part of the government of India, in
foreseeing environmental issues.

• There is a failure on the part of


Government to formulate appropriate
policies, programs and plans, to address
the issue.
Flaws in Process of Developing
Policies
• There is a lack of stringent environmental
laws to address the problem

• No single Indian law includes the contents


and concerns of the policy document.
Issues in the Process of Law
Enforcement
• Lack of appropriate skills amongst the law
enforcement agencies.
• Inadequate infrastructural facilities.
• Lack of proper understanding of
environmental laws.
• Lack of coordination among the law
enforcement authorities and officers.
Environmental Issues in India
• Air pollution remains a huge problem in
India with the diesel used containing up to
200 times the amount of sulfur than
European diesel.
• Almost 5.3 Million hectares of forest have
been destroyed since the independence.
• Nearly 30% of India's gross agricultural
output is lost every year due to soil
degradation, poor land management and
counter productive irrigation.
• Overfishing remains a huge problem due
to lack of legislation enforcement

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