BLOOD CIRCULATION

AND TRANSPORT
2.1 Transport System in Humans
Human transport system is
called the blood circulatory
system which transport
substances around the body.
Structure of Human
Heart
The atria and ventricles are separated by
valves prevent the backflow of blood from the
ventricles to the atria.
Real heart
Heart picture
video
Function of the Heart
To pump blood to all parts of the body
Right side – pump deoxygenated blood to
lungs
Left side – pump oxygenated blood to other
parts of the body
Pump by contracting and relaxing its muscles.
Left and right work in harmony (video)
One complete contraction and relaxation called
a heartbeat.
Blood Vessels
Artery Vein Capillary
Function Carries blood Carries blood Carries blood
Blood carried out of the heart
Oxygenated into the heart from
Deoxygenated the artery
Carriesoxygenat
Wall blood
Thick and blood to
Thinner and less ed vein
blood
Very thin from
Lumen size (Except
elastic
Small (Except
muscular
Big the
Veryartery
smalland
Blood flow pulmonary
High pressure pulmonary
Low pressurevein) deoxygenated
Very low
Valve artery)
and
No fast and
Yes slowly blood
No to the
pressure and
vein
very slow
Path of Blood Flow in the Blood
Circulatory
System
 R IG H T A T R IU M

R IG H T V E N T R IC LE

P U LM O N A R Y A R T E R Y

LU N G S

P U LM O N A R Y V E IN

LE FT A T R IU M

LE FT V E N T R IC LE

A O R TA

BO DY

V EN A C AVA
2.2 Human Blood
Contain of human blood are red blood cells,
white blood cells, platelets and plasma.
Plasma – 90% water & 10% dissolved
substances
 Function: Carry dissolved substances and
heat
Red blood cells
 Contain pigment called haemoglobin
 Function: Transport oxygen

White blood cells

 Function: fight infection by killing microorganism
Platelets
 Function: Help clotting to stop bleeding
Human blood groups
Classified into groups A, B, AB and O.
The blood group of donours and recipients
must be the same or compatible, if not the
blood will agglutinate
A universal donour can donate blood to
everyone
A universal recipient can receive blood from
anyone

Matching the blood group of a
donour with that of a recipient
Donour’s Recipient’s blood group
blood group
A B AB O

A √ X √ X

B X √ √ X

AB X X √ X

O √ √ √ √
2.3 TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN
PLANT
Transpiration


A process by which water is lost in form of

water vapour from the surface of plant
(stomata) into the air by evaporation.
The cell that control the opening and closing of
stomata are called guard cells.
During photosynthesis, stomata usually
open – results in the lost of water by
transpiration
On hot day, stomata may close to reduce the
loss of water by transpiration


Important Role of
Transpiration
Transpiration helps in the transportation of
water and mineral salts in plants.
During transpiration, absorbed water and
mineral salts are suck up from the roots, up
the stem and then to its leaves.
The xilem : transport water and mineral
salts from root to the leaves for
photosynthesis and replace water lost during
transpiration
The phloem: transport food from the leaves
to other parts of the plant.
Factors affects the rate of
transpiration
Number of stomata, transpiration faster if it
has a large number of stomata
Other factors: light intensity, temperature,
humidity and wind.
Weight potometer can be use to estimate
transpiration rate.