Anatomy of male

reproductive system

Dr. Farkaad A. Abdul Kadir

CUCMS
Objectives
– classify the male reproductive organs
– list the parts that constitute the male external
genitalia
– list the parts that constitute the male internal
genitalia
– describe the penis
– describe the scrotum
– describe the testis
– describe and the epididymis
– describe the vas deferens
– explain vasectomy
– describe the spermatic cord
– describe the seminal vesicles
– describe the ejaculatory ducts
– describe the prostate gland
Male
 Male reproductive system
• Gonads (testes)
• A series of specialized ducts
(epididymis, ductus deferens,
ejaculatory duct, and urethra)
• Accessory glands (seminal vesicles,
prostate gland, bulbourerethral glands)
• External genitalia (penis and scrotum)
Male external and internal genitalia

• External genitalia – • Internal genitalia –

in superficial perineal in pelvic cavity
pouch – Seminal vesicles
– Penis – Prostate gland
– Urethra – Bulbourethral glands
– Scrotum – Ejaculatory duct
– Testes
– Epididymis
– Ductus deferens
 EXTERNAL GENITALIA OF THE MALE

• PENIS

• TESTIS

• EPIDIDYMIS

• VAS DEFERENS
EXTERNAL GENITALIA
PENIS

• Male organ of
copulation
• Outlet for urine
and semen
PENIS
• male organ through
which the urethra
passes

• and is necessary for

urination and sexual
intercourse.
• Errect position =
Anatomical position
PENIS
• Root
• Body
• Glans
Penis
• Anterior –
Dorsal
surface
• Posterior –
Ventral
surface
ROOT OF THE PENIS
• The root is attached to
the abdominal and pelvic
wall.
• Crura – a pair
• Bulb: in the midline,
traversed by urethra
• covered on its outer
surface by
bulbospongiosus muscles
ROOT OF THE
PENIS

• midline
• urogenital diaphragm
• traversed by urethra
BODY : 3 ERECTILE TISSUES
• 2 corpus cavernosum
• 1 corpus spongiosum
• tunica albuginea:
surround 2 c. cavernosum
& c. spongiosum
•buck’s fascia (deep fascia)
• superficial fascia
• skin
BODY

Corpus
cavernosum

Corpus
Ischial spongiosum
tuberosity
BODY – CROSS SECTION
BODY
 Corpus

GLANS PENIS
cavernosum

• Distal end of the

corpus spongiosum
• 2 Corpus cavernosum
do not reach the glans
• Base – Corona of
Glans

Corpus
spongiosum
GLANS PENIS
• external urethral meatus
• (fore skin) prepuce
connected to the glans by the
frenulum
• prepuce sac
• prepuce glands (sebaceous
glands)
• smegma (carcinogenic)
GLANS PENIS
o Fossa navicularis –
dilated part of
urethra in the glans
penis
o Bulbourethral gl.
At the proximal part
of the penile urethra
 VENOUS DRAINAGE

• INTERNAL PUDENDAL VEINS

• VESICOPROSTATIC PLEXUS
Lymphatic drainage - penis

 Skin into the medial

group of the
superficial inguinal LN

 Deep structures into

the internal iliac nodes
 Nerve supply:
• pudendal nerve
• pelvic plexus

- Erection of penis?
- Ejaculation of penis?
Scrotum
• Outpouching of the
lower part of the
anterior abdominal
wall

• Contains:
- testes
- epididymis
- lower ends of the
spermatic cord
i
What is the scrotum?
•The scrotum is a loose
pouch of skin that
hangs outside the body
from the lower
abdominal region
behind the penis.

•The testes sit inside

the scrotum.
SCROTUM
• The Testes (two egg-shaped
structures) remain in the
scrotum, outside the body,
where the temperature is
about 3 C degrees Cooler
than the body internal
temperature (37 C degrees).

• Sperm development in the

testes requires the Lower
temperature.
 1. Scrotal skin

2. Superficial or Dartos fascia

3. External spermatid fascia

(External oblique apo)
4. Cremaster muscle & fascia
(Internal oblique muscle & fascia)
5. Internal spermatid fascia
(Transversalis fascia)
6. Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis
(Peritoneum)
7. Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
(Peritoneum)

Fig. : Cross section through scrotum

 Blood supply of the scrotum

• Brs. from internal pudendal artery

• Brs. from external pudendal artery

-Veins accompany corresponding arteries

 Nerve supply of the scrotum
• Ant. Surface: ilioinguinal n., genital br. Of
genitofemoral n

• Post. Surface: brs. Of perineal n. & post.

Cutaneous n. Of the thigh.
Lymphatic drainage -scrotum
 Skin and fascia including
the tunica vaginalis into
the Medial group of the
Superficial inguinal LN

 Deep structures into the

internal iliac nodes
Spermatid cord
Contents
- Ductus deferens
- Testicular artery
- Artery of the
ductus deferens
- Cremasteric
artery
- Pampiniform
plexus
- Sympathetic
nerve fibres
- Genital branch of
the genitofemoral
nerve
- Lymphatic
vessels
Testis

• Firm, mobile organ

• Exocrine secretion:
sperms
• Endocrine secretion:
testesterone hormon

• In the scrotum (3°C

lower)
• suspended by
spermatic cord.

• Left testis is lower

• Surrounded by tunica
albuginea
 External features of testis
• Oval-shaped, smooth and firm
• 2 poles : superior and inferior
• 2 borders : anterior and posterior
- post. border related to epididymis (lat.)
& the vas deferens (med.).
• 2 surfaces : medial and lateral
• Weight : 25 gm
• Lying obliquely in the scrotum
• Side determination: Sinus epididymis is
present on the post. Border of the lat.
surface

Anterolateral view
of an adult testis
 Cross section

Sinus epididymis
a longitudinal slit-like space between testis and epididymis
– Determines anatomical side of testis
 8 layers covering the testis :

1. Scrotal skin

2. Superficial or Dartos fascia

3. External spermatid fascia

(External oblique apo)
4. Cremaster muscle & fascia
(Internal oblique muscle & fascia)
5. Internal spermatid fascia
(Transversalis fascia)
6. Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis
(Peritoneum)
7. Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
(Peritoneum)

8. Tunica albuginea of testis

Cross section through scrotum & testis

 Tunica
albugenia
 Tunica vasculosa

• Layer of vascular
plexus
• Lines the internal
surface of tunica
albuginea and
testis fibrous septa
TESTIS - CAPSULE

• visceral layer of
tunica vaginalis
• tunica albuginea
• tunica vasculosa
TESTIS – CAPSULE

Dense fibroelastic
conn. tissue

Network of
blood vessels
Accumulation of urine & blood
(straddle injury) in the cavity of
tunica vaginalis
 Hydrocele
• Abnormal accumulation of
fluid in the cavity of tunica
vaginalis.
• May be associated with
indirect inguinal hernia

• To remove excess fluid by

(Tapping hydrocele)
TESTIS

• Lobules

• Seminiferous tubules

• Straight tubules

• Rete Testis

• Efferent Ductules
BLOOD SUPPLY

• TESTICULAR ARTERIES

• TESTICULAR VEINS
TESTIS –PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS

• Venous plexus (posterior border of the testis)

• level of deep inguinal ring – a single testicular
veins
• left into left renal vein & right into IVC
 Varicocele
• Dilatation of veins in the
pampiniform plexus
• more common on the left
side
– Left testicular vein enters
left renal vein at right
angle
– Left vein overlaid by
descending colon
– Renal CA may occlude
left renal vein
Venogram of
varicocele
 Lymphatic drainage - testis
 Para-aortic lymph nodes
 Para-aortic lymph anastomosis with
intrathoracic LN
 Cervical LN
Are you still with me !???
EPIDIDYMIS

• All sperm must pass

through the
epididymis when they
leave the testis and
undergo an important
'maturation' process
that allows them to
swim and fertilize the
egg.
 What is the epididymis?
• highly coiled tube (or
duct) that lies at the back
of the testes
(POSTEROLATERAL)

• connects the
seminiferous tubules in
the testis to another
single tube called the vas
deferens.
EPIDIDYMIS

• Lies posterolateral
to the testis
• Head, body, tail
• Sinus epididymis -
groove between
the testis and
epididymis)
Vas deferens

 
• Thick muscular tube that
connects the epididymis to the
urinary tract (urethra) at the
back of the bladder, via the
ejaculatory duct.

• The main function of the vas

deferens and ejaculatory duct is
                                                     
to transport the mature sperm
and seminal fluid to the urethra.
Vas deferens – scrotal portions
• Anatomical
location: scrotal,
inguinal and pelvic
portions.
• ascends along the
posterior border of
the testis and
medial side of the
epididymis
(posteromedial to
the testis)
Vas deferens – inguinal portion
• curves around the
lateral side of the
inferior epigastric
artery
• and ascends for
about 2.5 cm. in
front of the external
iliac artery
 Vas deferens – pelvic cavity

• descends on the medial side of the obliterated

umbilical artery and the obturator nerve and
vessels
VAS DEFERENS
VASECTOMY
 Seminal vesicles
 2 lobulated organs, 5 cm long
 lying on post. Surface of the bladder
 medial side – ampulla of vas deferens
 posteriorly –related to rectum
 Inferiorly – it joins the duct of vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct.
 Each seminal vesicle consists of a much – coiled tube
embedded in connective tissue.
 Function :
-produce secretion added to seminal fluid for sperm
nourishment
- contraction of its wall during ejaculation , thus washing
spermatozoa out the urethra
 Blood supply:- middle rectal artery
- inferior vesical artery
Ejaculatory duct

• a tube that is formed by the

joining of the vas deferens and
the duct of the seminal vesicle.

• empties into the prostatic

urethra.
Prostate gland

• Fibro-muscular glandular organ

• Function: is to produce a fluid
which protects and enriches
sperm.

• Secretions from the prostate

contribute to approximately 40%
of the fluid volume of the
ejaculate however the functions
of the substances in the prostatic
fluid are not entirely known.
 Shape: Inverted cone
 Surfaces & relations:
-Base : directed upwards
- Apex : directed downward
- Post. Surface: lies in front of the
ampulla of rectum, at the superior
border 2 ejaculatary ducts pierce
the prostate

- Inferolateral surface: clasped by

levator ani ms.
- Ant. Surface: narrow, convex
 LOCATION OF THE PROSTATEFig. : Posterior view
Fig. : Sagittal section
Urinary
bladder

PROSTATE

* Lies in the lesser pelvis

(pelvic cavity) Urogenital
* Surrounds the prostatic diaphragm
urethra * Beneath the urinary bladder and above
the urogenital diaphragm
 LOBES OF THE PROSTATE

 Anatomically, prostate are divided

into 5 lobes :
1) One anterior lobe
2) One posterior lobe
3) One median or middle lobe
4) Two lateral lobes
Anatomically divide
PROSTATE GLAND
LOBES
Prostatic urethra &
ejaculatory duct

• 1 anterior lobe
• 1 posterior lobe
• 1 median lobe
• 2 lateral lobes
 U.B
Median lobe

urethra Ejaculatory
duct

Ant. lobe

Post. lobe
 Clinical significance of the lobes of prostate
• Benign prostatic hypertrophy or enlargement of the prostate is
common to occur in the middle (median) lobe due to high contents
glandular tissue.

• Lateral lobe of the prostate - one of the usual part to become

enlarged.

• Prostatic cancer or carcinoma of the prostate is more prone to occur

in the posterior lobe. (high PSA level) prostatic –specific antigen
 CAPSULES OF THE PROSTATE
 Prostate is surrounded by 2 capsules
 They are the true capsule and false capsule

• Inner layer
Prostatic Prostatic urethra
sinus Glands of urethra • A thin strong layer
of connective tissue
at the periphery of
Urethra the gland
crest

True capsule
(prostatic
capsule)
Prostatic • outside the true
venous
plexus
capsule

False capsule • Outer layer

(prostatic sheeth)
• A condensation of
Horizontal section pelvic fascia
ANOTHER CLASSIFICATION OF THE PROSTATE
(structure)

 Prostate consists of:

1) Peripheral zone
2) Central zone

 The glandular tissues is distributed in 3 separated groups:

a) Mucosal glands
b) Submucosal glands
c) Main or principal glands
Fig. : Cross section of the prostate

CENTRAL ZONE • surrounded by

peripheral zone
PERIPHERAL • duct of the
ZONE glands open into
• account for prostatic sinuses
and colliculus
25% to 75% of
seminalis
glandular tissues
• duct of the
glands mainly
open into
prostatic sinuses
 Fig. : Cross section of the prostate

Mucosal
Main/Principal glands
glands

Submucosal glands
Fig. : Cross section of the prostate

Mucosal glands

• inner periurethral
glands
• lies in the mucosal
layer of the urethra
• open directly into the
urethra
• situated in the middle
lobe
Fig. : Cross section of the
prostate

Submucosal glands

• outer periurethral glands

• surrounds the mucosal glands
 Fig. : Cross section of the
prostate

Main or principal
glands

• lies peripherally
• constitute the bulk
of the glands
 Clinical significance :

PERIPHERAL ZONE
CENTRAL ZONE

•Site of origin for •Benign prostatic

carcinoma of the hyperplasia
prostate
• Mucosal and
• Main glands submucosal glands
Prostatic urethra - verumontanum
Transurethral resection – verumontanum
(colliculus seminalis) is an important landmark
 Venous drainage of the
prostate Vertebral
venous
plexus

Sacral
Vesicoprostate
venous
venous plexus
plexus

Deep Internal iliac vein

dorsal veins
of the penis
False capsule
Superficial

Fascia of
the penis
 The importance of
Denonvilliers’s fascia in
surgery :

• Demarcation line between the prostate

and the rectum

• Prevents the spread of cancer cells

between the prostate and the rectum