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Senses
Chapter 1
Vocabulary
Sense – ability to feel with your organs
Stimulus/stimuli – change around us that is
detected by the sensory organ
Receptor – any structure of the body which
produces an messages on receiving a stimuli
Impulse – information that is send to the brain
Sensory organs
Nerves
Brain
Nerves
Effectors (Response)
Our Sense of Touch
Our Sense of Touch
The skin detects touch, pressure, temperature
and pain
Skin has two main layer epidermis and
dermis
Epidermis is very thin layer of dead cells
which protect the surface of body
Dermis is a layer consisting living cells, blood
capillaries, sweat glands and nerves
Functions of different Skin
Receptors
Receptors Functions
Touch receptor Detect very light touches
Pressure receptor Heavy touch or pressure of
something pushing on our skin
i de
nt
c i
Air In y
A normal (90o) to point where the light
ra enters dense medium (glass) shows ray
Glass bending into the normal.
r
edt
ra frac
Re
y
Angle of refra
ction
Image formed on a mirror
Imag e is
Upright
Limitation of eye sight
We cannot see very tiny objects or distant
objects.
We also cannot see bones and organs
inside our body or an object.
Other limitations are optical illusion due to
misinterpretation by the brain
Optical illusion
Optical illusion
Optical illusion
Optical illusion
Optical illusion
Optical illusion
Optical illusion
Optical Illusion
Can You Read This?
Fi yuo cna raed tihs, yuo hvae a sgtrane mnid too.
Cna yuo raed tihs? Olny 55 plepoe out of 100
can. I cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty
uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal
pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a
rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it dseno't
mtaetr in waht oerdr the ltteres in a wrod are,
the olny iproamtnt tihng is taht the frsit and lsat
ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a
taotl mses and you can sitll raed it whotuit a
pboerlm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos
not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a
wlohe. Azanmig huh? Yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot
slpeling was ipmorantt!
Devices to overcome limitation of
sight
Device Function
Magnifying glass Made of convex lens, up to 10 – 15 x
Microscope Magnification up to 300 t0 2000 times
Telescope Electron
To microscope
see distant objects– up to 1 million
Binoculars times
A pair of telescope, but we use both the
Ultrasound eyes.
To scan organ and foetus in mother’s
scanning
X- device
Ray machine Stereoscopic vision
wombhigh energy
Uses radiation that penetrate
Magnetic solid magnetic
Uses objects. Image captured
field to in
create image,
resonance
Periscope imaging photographic
Can
Usescreate anyfilm
mirrors, cross
used bysection of human
submarines
body
Ultrasound scanning
In ultrasound scanning, a device called a
transducer emits high-frequency sound waves
and receives their echoes to produce images of
internal organs.
Ultrasound scanning of the abdomen is often used
to investigate the liver, the gallbladder, and the
kidneys.
To produce good contact between the transducer
and the abdomen, gel is placed on the skin over
the area to be examined.
The radiographer moves the transducer over the
area, using gentle pressure, and images from it
are displayed on a monitor. The procedure is
painless and safe.
Cant use it for brain, lungs and intestine
ultrasound
Stereoscopic and monocular vision
MRI
Mirage Total Internal Reflection of light from sky
Li
s k gh t
y r
ay
s f
ro
m
Cool air High density
Warm air
Hot air Low density
48
Hot ground
Stimuli and responses in Plant
Plants can also response to stimuli
The parts which response are usually shoots
and the roots
Plants response to 3 main stimuli – light,
water and gravity
Some plant response to touch and
temperature
There are two types of responses tropism and
nastic movements
Tropism
Are growth response of plants to external
stimuli
Tropism occurs slowly and they are not
noticeable
The growth of plant is in certain direction as
response to the stimuli
When growth is towards stimulus it is called
positive tropism
When growth is away from the stimulus it is
called negative tropism
Phototropism
Is growth movement in response to light
Shoots grows towards light and shows
positive phototropism
Roots grows way from light and shows
negative phototropism
The shoots ensure that the leaves receive
enough light for photosynthesis
Geotropism
Is growth movement in response to gravity
No matter how seed is planted it can detect
gravity and the root grow towards that
direction
Roots grows downwards and shows
positive geotropism
Shoots grows upwards and shows negative
geotropism
Hydrotropism
Is growth movement in response to water
Roots grows towards water and shows
positive hydrotropism
The response of root towards water is
stronger than their response to gravity
Minerals dissolved in water therefore the
positive hydrotropism enables the plan to
get sufficient water and minerals for normal
growth
Thigmotropism
Is growth movement in response to touch
or contact with solid structure
Many climbing plants show this type of
response
These plants have weak stems and they rely
on other objects to keep them upright
Cucumber and bitter gourd use their
tendrils to wrap around supporting objects
When the tendrils touch solid object it wrap
around it
Morning glory and bean plants curl their stems
around supporting structure
Nastic movement
This movements made by plants in response
to external stimuli that comes from any
direction
The movement does not depend on direction
of the stimuli
Seismonastic is nastic movement in response
to touch
Mimosa pudica (touch me not plant) will fold
its leaves when it is touched
Carnivorous plant such as venus fly trap
insects when insects seats on the leaves
Moon flower plant open when its get dark and
closes when there is light
Answer PG 6
4) Tip of tongue
5) To prevent the taste of solution to left on
the tongue from affecting the taste of
another solution
6) To dissolve the chemicals in the food so that
it can stimulate the taste receptors
7) To produce impulses after detecting the
stimulus (taste) and sent it to the brain
8) Brain
10) Pain, Heat, Cold
Conclusion – different region of the tongue are
sensitive to different type of taste
Answer PG 7
1 a) sense of taste
b) sense of smell and sense of taste
2) Same taste