DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE

(DSL) ADVANCES

Prepared by,
Pow Jun Jiang (EE 071271)
What is DSL???
 A modem technology that uses existing
twisted-pair telephone lines to transport
high-bandwidth data
 Run on regular copper phone wires which
is a direct dedicated connection between
PC and the phone company central office
 Make use of previously unused bandwidth
on the phone line
Figure 1: General Overview of DSL
Figure 2: Signals in Copper Phone Line
Basic Requirements
 Require 10BaseT Ethernet card
 Basic home DSL lines can connect to
regular analog phones to RJ-11 jacks
 POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service)
splitter can also be used.
Advantages
 Fast
 Doesn’t tie up to phone line
 Always on
 Reliable
 Use the phone line
 A router, with DSL modem, allows up to
eight computers to access the Internet over
a single DSL line.
 Far cheaper
 Flexible and scalable, ideal for growing
business computer networks
 Enable users to work from home, listen to
streaming audio or watch streaming video
while working on your computer.
Disadvantages
 DSL connection works better when user is
closer to the provider's central office
 The connection is faster for receiving data
than it is for sending data over the Internet
 The service is not available everywhere
Network Access Provider
Benefits
 Do not need to install more copper or lay down
miles of expensive fiber
 Eliminate providers' need to constantly upgrade
their pricey Class 5 switch installations
 DSL bypasses the Class 5 switch for data-only
calls, so access providers can accept more traffic
without investing in a huge switch upgrade
 Voice and data paths are separated
 By keeping costs low, service providers
can make money off the traditionally low-
margin business of providing Internet
access.
DSL User Benefits
 Can experience high-speed Web browsing and
can send and receive large documents
 Provide a cost-effective way for telecommuters
and branch offices to access the corporate
network, provisioned via secure virtual private
network services
 Improve the quality and reduce the cost of
communications among employees via
videoconferencing
Types of DSL
Asymmetrical DSL (ADSL)
 offers high-speed digital service and analog voice
service over a local loop.
 An ADSL line is for the exclusive use of each
customer so there is no contention for bandwidth
on that loop.
 ADSL transfers data as far as 18,000 feet over
copper wire at a rate of 7 Mbps on the downlink
and 1 Mbps on the uplink.
High Bit Rate DSL (HDSL)
 Provide for T1 service on copper wire.
 Deliver T1 service at a DS1 rate over a
four-wire loop of two twisted pairs.
 Most established DSL technologies
 Offer full duplex speeds at a DS1 (1.544
Mbps) rate or 2Mbps over 3 phone lines.
 Transfer data up to 12,000 feet (can be
longer if repeatered).
High Bit-Rate DSL II (HDSL II)
 Offer the same performance as HDSL, but over a
single phone line.

ISDN DSL (IDSL)

 Hybrid of DSL and ISDN technologies
 Used for long duration Internet and remote Local
Area Network (LAN) access.
 Dedicated to data – does not support switched
voice service.
 Same data encoding technique as of ISDN devices
 Offers full duplex speed of 128 Kbps.
 Transfer data up to 18,000 feet.

Symmetric DSL (SDSL)

 Non standard version of HDSL with Plain Old
Telephone Service (POTS).
 Forerunner to HDSL II.
 Can be done using only one phone line
 Full duplex rates are limited to 384 Kbps for an
18,000-foot loop. DS1 speeds can be reached on a
shorter (10,000-foot) loop.
Very high bit-rate DSL (VDSL)
 Faster cousin of ADSL. VDSL provides for the
transmission over copper of both digital data and
analog voice.
 Currently fastest DSL technology
 Currently in its experimental phase.
 VDSL works at speeds as high as 52 Mbps down
and 1.5 to 2.3 Mbps up.
 VDSL operates over much shorter distances,
achieving top speed over only 1000 feet of copper
wire.
Rate Adaptive Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line (RADSL)
 Operates at the same bandwidths as ADSL.
 Additional capability of adjusting
bandwidth to the quality of the phone line
during the data transmission, instead of just
once at the start of the connection.
 Up to 7Mbps downstream and up to 1.5
Mbps upstream.
Provider Equipment
Equipment Description

Plain Old Enables analog voice services to be carried simultaneously

Telephone on the same line as digital data services. Allows the voice
Service (POTS) signal to be routed to the existing voice switch.
Splitter
DSL Modem DSL transmission unit that engages in physical layer
negotiations between the remote location and the CO.
DSL Access Aggregates DSL-based signals.
Multiplexer
(DSLAM)
Element Hardware and software that make remote access and
Management management possible
System
Consumer Equipment
Equipment Description

Network Interface Electronic circuitry that connects a workstation

Card (NIC) (computer) the network. Works to transmit and
receive messages.

DSL Modem DSL transmission unit that engages in physical layer

negotiations between the remote location and the CO
POTS Splitter Enables analog voice services to be carried
simultaneously on the same line as digital data
services. Allows the voice signal to be routed to the
existing voice switch.
Network Interface Device wired between a telephone protector and the
Device (NID) interior customer wiring to isolate customer
equipment from the network.
Figure 3: DSL Network Architecture
Figure 4: Single Computer Connection
Figure 5: Multi Computer Connection
Figure 6: Multiple Computers with Software Proxy Server
Figure 7: Multiple Computers With Router/ Firewall
Figure 8: Multiple Computers Using A Routed Subnet
Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)
 ADSL is a new broadband communication
technology that creates high-speed access
to the Internet and remote networks using
the phone lines that are already present in
your home. ADSL is superior to analog
modems in many respects.
DSL’s Speed
 Full-rate ADSL has the potential to deliver data at
speeds up to 8 Megabits per second
 G.Lite ADSL can deliver up to 1.5 Megabits per
second during downloads. This is 25 times faster
than a 56K modem, and 50 times faster than a
28.8K modem!
 Service providers will also offer slower rates
(from 256 Kbps and up) at lower costs
Types of ADSL
 Full-rate ADSL
 Universal ADSL (G.lite)
Full-rate ADSL
 Data rates ranging from 1.5 to 8 Mbps
“downstream” from the Internet
 “Upstream” data rates from PC to the Internet
are as high as 1 Mbps
 Potential data rates decrease with increased
distance from the phone company’s CO
(central office)
 Costs for the service are more expensive than
“G.Lite” ADSL
G.Lite ADSL
 G.Lite ADSL is a scaled-down version that
delivers up to 1.5 Mbps downstream and
384 Kbps up
 Service providers will offer slower rates for
lower prices
 Less expensive than full-rate ADSL
 Easier to install
Splitter vs. Splitterless
 Full-rate ADSL requires that a device, known as a
splitter, be installed on the phone line where it
enters a home in order to separate the voice
service from the data service
 G.Lite ADSL will not usually require a splitter,
although some homes with problematic wiring or
certain types of telephones will require one.
DSL In Malaysia
 "tmnet streamyx" service is supported by DSL
 Types of DSL technology chosen to support
tmnet streamyx are ADSL, SDSL and GLite DSL
 An ADSL system basically consists of two parts
i.e. the Central Office (CO) which is located at
the exchange building and the other, Remote
Termination Unit (RTU) at subscriber's premise
which are connected via an existing pair of
copper telephone lines.
Figure 9: TM Net Streamyx Basic Network Configuration
 The Central Office (CO) for ADSL
consists of two types of chassis.
 The first chassis is the ADSL unit for
modem cards and control card while the
second chassis is for the POTS (Plain Old
Telephone Service) splitter.
 The Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) for
ADSL also consists of POTS splitter and
ADSL modem.
Conclusion
 ADSL provides a new way to use
existing phone lines.
 It’s faster!
 It’s always on!
 Voice and data on one line at the same
time!
 ADSL is the best way to get online!