Mountain Restoration

Processes include:-
ABSTRACT
In the context of the twenty-first century, where rapid climate
WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY 2021 • Planting of easy-to-grow plant species
& native species
• Plantation of grass species for soil
stabilization
•
ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION • Use wire fencing around plantation & Conservation of native resources
change, population boom, uncontrolled pollution, overexploitation degraded forest (flora & fauna)
of resources are wreaking havoc on both the environment and
human life, ecosystem restoration is suggesting us the way to heal Asmita Biswas
the wound. Ecosystem restoration aims to repair the harm by
reestablishing them to an earlier state or close to that. Currently, it
Department of Ecological Studies, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India
Farmland Restoration Grassland Restoration
is being developed in varieties of dimensions. The fundamental
Processes include:- • Establish artificial nests & feeding Processes include:-
objective of ecosystem restoration is to create a planet for a decade • Reduce pesticide & fertilizer uses stations • Vegetation clearing • Meadow reclamation
in which the link between humans and the environment is restored • Increase availability of non-cultivated • Diversify the species of arable crops • Native grassland seed collection • Mowing and haying
for the prosperity and well-being of all living organisms on the land grown at any one time and over the year and revegetation • Grazing
earth, both now and in the coming years. The purpose is to develop
the area of healthy ecosystems while minimizing environmental
deterioration. It is also enhancing global, regional, national and ECOSYSTEM
local commitments to help prevent, halt and reverse ecosystem RESTORATION
degradation.

DRIVERS Peatland Restoration Forest Restoration Freshwater Restoration

Global forest expansion & deforestation Net change rate of forest area
Processes include:- • Collect plant fragment Processes include:- • Improve soil quality (million ha/year) Processes include:-
Natural Anthropogenic • Preparing site for restoration from donor site • Planting trees • Manage land
100%

• Bank stabilization • Improve connectivity

90%
• Use of deflectors &

Million hectares
• Blocking drainage ditches • Seeding • Protect wildlife corridors sustainability 80%
• Implementing a minimum
-4.7
stream corridor width engineered log jams
•
70% -15
Volcanic eruption Direct Drivers Indirect Drivers -16 -12 -10
60%
• Forest fire • Climate Change • Demographic -7.8
50%
• Earthquake • Pollution • Economic 40%
• Flood • Deforestation • Socio political 30%
• Tsunami • Over exploitation • Cultural & religious 20% 10 7
• Cyclone & Storm • Biological invasion • Science & Technology 10%
8 5
-5.2

0%
1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020
Year 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2020

CONSEQUENCES Deforestation Forest expansion

• Loss of biodiversity
• Global warming CORAL REEF RESTORATION
Urban area restoration
• Impact on human health
• Economic Impact Processes include:- • Renewable energy use
• Loss of livelihood Activities involved:- • Setting up urban forest • Make sustainable
• Planting nursery grown corals back trails building
Restoration onto reefs • Zero emission target • Sustainable transport
• Making sure habitat is suitable for
Evaluation Steps natural coral growth
• Building coral resilience to threat like
climate change
1. Within planning
2. Between planning & implementation
3. Within implementation
4. Between implementation & monitoring
5. Within monitoring Strategies:-
6. Between monitoring & planning • Improving habitat quality for corals
• Preventing loss of corals & their habitats
CONCLUSION
Type of info. used as a basis for evaluation • Enhancing coral population resilience
• Improving coral health & survival In the midst of so much negativity, ecosystem restoration provides a glimmer of
hope and the possibility of a sustainable future through mending nature. Restoration
1. Info that restoration plan relied on of the ecosystem offers us the ability to combat climate change and habitat loss as
2. Environmental & social conditions, previous plans they emerge. In addition, we might resurrect degraded ecosystems and their
3. Implementation experience, budget, security, science functions, reducing the negative environmental consequences for humankind. 
4. Results of monitoring, informal observation
5. Data from replicated & standardize monitoring, field visits REFERENCES
6. Result of monitoring of project outcome  Aradóttir, Ása & Hagen et el.,(2016). Evaluating the process of ecological
Information evaluated against restoration. ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY. 21. 41. 10.5751/ES-08289-210141.
3  Wade MR, Gurr GM, Wratten SD. Ecological restoration of farmland:
1. Ecological condition, funding agency, scientist progress and prospects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.
2. Local environmental & social conditions 2008;363(1492):831-847. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2186
3. Plans, directives, laws, impact assessment Implementation  United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
4. Restoration & performance targets  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
5. Native vegetation & unrestored plots
6. Project goal, untreated controls, reference sites 1 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2 4

I am very thankful to Dr Jayanta Kumar Biswas and all the other faculties of dept. of
Planning Monitoring ecological studies, University of Kalyani for their constant support and guidance.

Contact: biswas.asmita06@gmail.com