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Philip O’Keefe
Lead Social Protection Specialist
World Bank, November 2007
The disability study – Background and sources
Main sources –
- Analysis of NSS disability rounds and
census
- Commissioned survey of villages in UP and
TN in 2005 (with DFID TF financing)
- Series of background papers
- Reviews of secondary literature
- Field visits to 6 states during preparation
- Lots of inputs and support from NGO/DPO
community
Disability study – main sections
Definitions
Socio-economic profile
Attitudes to disability and disabled people
Education
Employment
Health
Social security
Institutions and policies
Accessibility
Key messages of the report
Multiple
Locomotor
Speech
Census rates
NSS rates
Hearing
Visual
Mental
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
The number of people with disabilities in
India is substantial and likely to grow
The report estimates a wide range of 4-8
percent of the population with a disability
30
20 2020
10
0
Disability does not go away as countries
get richer
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
AFR SA EAP MNA ECA LAC OECD High
Income
Hearing Speech
.0 2
.0 2 5
.0 1 5
.0 1 . 0 1 5 .0 2
D e n s ity
D e n s i ty
.0 1 .0 0 5
.0 0 5
0
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Age at onset Age at onset
.0 2 5
.0 4
.0 2
.0 3
.0 1 5
D e n s i ty
D e n s i ty
.0 2
.0 1 .0 0 5
.0 1
0 20 40 60 80 100
0
Age at onset
0 20 40 60 80 100
Age at onset
Locomotor Mental
.0 3
.0 2
D e n s ity
.0 1
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Age at onset
Visual
Disabled People are A Heterogenous Group
1.4
1.2
0.8
PWD
PWD severe
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
People with Disabilities are Subject to
Multiple Deprivations
They are much more likely to be illiterate and
out of school
Figure *.*: Share of 6-13 year olds out of school by social category, 2005
Multiple
Locomotor
Speech
Hearing
Visual
Mental
All disabled
Muslim
OBC
ST
SC
Females
Males
All children
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
% of category out of school
People with Disabilities are Subject to
Multiple Deprivations
They have much lower employment rates and the
gap to the general population has grown
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
50 50
40 40
30 30
%of w
20 20
10 10
0
0
RF GEN
UF GEN
UMGEN
RMGEN
RF PWD
UF PWD
ALL GEN
RMPWD
UMPWD
ALL PWD
EN
EN
EN
EN
EN
D
D
D
FPW
FPW
MPW
MPW
ALLPW
FG
FG
MG
MG
ALLG
R
U
R
U
R
U
People with Disabilities are Subject to
Multiple Deprivations
They often have low awareness of rights and
entitlements
94% of HH with disabled member have not heard of PWD
Act in rural TN and UP
Figure *.*: Share of PWD HHs not aware of entitlements
Transport subsidy
Job reservation
Education stipend
Employ exchange
TN
Subsidy on credit
UP
Aids/appliances
Food ration
PWD benefit
PWD certificate
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
%
People with Disabilities are Subject to
Multiple Deprivations
They are subject to strong social stigma within
community and families which is often
internalized
Figure *.*: Belief that disability a curse of God, rural UP and
TN, 2005
TN non-PWD
UP non-PWD
All non-PWD
TN PWD
UP PWD
All PWD
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
% of respondents
India has one of the more progressive
disability policy frameworks in the
developing world
PWD Act, 1995
No dif f iculties
Other
Corruption
Lengthy/complex procedures
Non-cooperative of f icials
Lack of transport
Distance
Physical barriers
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Share of PWD reporting as major difficulty
Key recommendation of the
report: “Get the basics right”
What does that mean in practice ?