Overview of Digital Relays

ISO Training

John S. Levine, P.E.

Levine Lectronics & Lectric
John@L-3.com
www.L-3.com

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 ISO Training July 22, 2008
Outline

• Introduction
• Overview of Digital Relays
• Tools
• Enervista Launchpad
• PowerPoint presentations at
• GE Digital Relays
• Protection Basics
• SR489
• GE Multilin G30 Training
• Post Glover NGR Training
• ANSI Symbols handout
• Conversion of Electro-Mechanical to Electronic sheet
• GE Multilin Training CD’s

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 Trends

• 75% of Installed Base of Relays are Electromechanical

• 90% of New Relays Purchased are Digital/Electronic
• Lingering Issue of “Putting All Eggs In One Basket”
– “No Backup”
– “Like to See Disk Move”
– Solve with Backup (such as DIAC as backup to SR760 or F60)
– Gain Excellent Accuracy and No Setting Drift
• Manufacturers have Created Relay Families, thus
reducing maintenance, O&M costs and training.

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 Microprocessor-Relay Benefits

• Multi-Function Protection Cost Effectiveness

• Configurable/Programmable Logic
– User Configurable Time Current Curves

• Self-Testing of Relay’s Algorithms with Alarm Contact

– Reduce Periodic Testing
» Every 1-2 years for Electromechanical
» Every 5-10 years for Digital (or More!)

• Improved System Data

– Fault Location & Reporting - Waveform Capturing
– Internal Operation Data - Metering
– Breaker Health Monitoring - Demand Interval Records
– Sequence of Event Reporting

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 Microprocessor-Relay Benefits

• Flexible Settings
– Multiple Setting Levels

• Communication Capabilities
– Local via Keypad
– Remote via Computer and Modem
– Networks can be created

• Reduced Panel Space & Wiring

– Compact Packaging
– Tested at Factory
– Eliminate Component Panel Metering

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 Digital Relays - Areas Of Use

• Distribution Feeder Protection

• Reclosing
• Down Conductor Detection
• Breaker Failure Protection
• Generator Protection
• Transmission Line Protection
• Transformer Protection
• Bus Protection
• Motor Protection

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 NEW

OLD

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 Programmability

• Digital Relays Have:

– Programmable Inputs
– Programmable Outputs (ALARM & TRIP)
– Programmable Logic
» Boolean Logic - AND, OR, NOT Logic

– Programmable Time Current Curves

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 Waveform Capturing
Including Bar Plotting of Unit Operation

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 Metering

• 0.25 - 5% Accuracy on I & V

• Typical Values
•Current • Min & Max Values with Date
•Voltage & Time Stamp
•Watts, Vars, PF • Harmonic Values of I
•Frequency • Symmetrical Components
•kWh, kVarh • Operation Counters
•Phase Angles • Breaker Position

• Can Be Accessed Locally or Remotely

• Some Relays Have Analog Outputs Proportional to
Metering Values (i.e. 0-1mA)

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Metering

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 Other Monitoring

• Breaker Health Monitoring

– Cumulative I2T or IT
– Activate Alarm At Set Level
• Demand Interval Reporting
– 15, 30, 60 Minute Intervals over Several Days
– I, Watts, Vars, VA, PF
• Peak Values Recorded
– Date & Time Stamped

• Trip & Close Coil Monitor

• Fault Location & Fault Reporting

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 Sequence Of Events Recording

• Events Stored with Date & Time:

– Alarms
– Contact Operations
– Logins & Logouts
– Waveform Captures
– Remote Operations
– Resets
– Setting Changes

• Last 100-1000 Events Stored

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 Settings

• Easier Than Electromechanical/Static

• Flexible settings
• Relays Have Multiple Setting Groups
– Can be Switched with Input Contacts or Remotely
• Settings Are Stored in Files and Down Loaded to Relay
with PC
• Easy to Copy Existing Setting Files and Modify
• Accurate Implementation of Settings
– No Overtravel
– No Large Drifts in Set Points
• Selection of Reset Times
– Fast (Digital) or Slow (Electromechanical)

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 Local Communications

• Thru Keypad, Up, Down Arrows, Enter/Select Keys or

RS232 Port on Relay
• Local LED Display
• Reset Key/Button
• LED Targets
• Password Protection

Phase TOC1 OP

Phase A
Phase B UP DN ENTER
Phase C
Alarm
87
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Communications

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 Remote Communications

• Thru Rear RS232 or RS485 Port Using Standard

Modem Software or Relay Manufacturer’s
Communication Software
• Password Protection
• 10Mbps Ethernet Connections - Wire or Fiber
• Multiple Protocol Support (DNP3.0, Modbus RTU,
Devicenet, Profibus, and IEC 61850)

DSL or
Telephone

Modem

Modem RELAY

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Substation Communications - LAN & WAN

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Communications

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 Memory Map Example

Group Address Description

Current 0300 Phase A Current

0301 Phase B Current
0302 Phase C Current
030D Phase A Differential
030E Phase B Differential
030F Phase C Differential

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Available Control by Digital Relays
via Communications & Protocols

• Reset Data • Set Date & Time

– Min/Max, Demand, etc.
• Reset Targets
• Operate Output Contacts
• Trip & Close
• Trigger Waveform Capture
• Force Input Contact
Operation
• Block Relay Functions
• Perform Setting Changes

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 Maintenance Benefits

• Self-Test Capabilities
• Remote Communications
• Easy Setting Changes
• One Model Could Be Used for Several Applications
• No Setting Drift of Digital Relay
• Reduced Wiring
• Flash Memory
– Upgradeable Firmware

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Today’s Feeder and Transformer Digital
Relays

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 DIAC,DIFC,DSFC
Single Phase Overcurrent Protection

• Digital Overcurrent Relay Platform w/ True RMS

Overcurrent Measurement (50/51)
• Replace IAC, IFC and SFC relays. . .
– Self Powered (no DC Battery Required)
– Same case size, no metal modifications
– Simply add surge ground lead
• User Selection of 16 curve characteristics
– Exact Duplication of IAC51, IAC53 & IAC77 Characteristics
• Instantaneous Overcurrent Delay Setting
• Reset Characteristic Selection (Fast or E/M)
• Draw-out Case with Test Facilities
• Retrofit existing IAC, IFC and SFC Cases
• Very Low Burden (1.8VA)
• No Communications

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 SR760 - Feeder Protection

• 16 Samples/Cycle
• 3 Phase & Ground Overcurrent Protection
• Programmable Time Current Curves
• Over/Under Voltage
• Over/Under Frequency
• Synch Check
• 4 Shot Reclosing
• Fault Location
• 4 Setting Groups
• Analog Outputs/Input (8/1)
• Metering I, V, W, Var, VA, PF, Hz, Wh, Varh
• Waveform Capturing
• RS485 Communications
• DNP3.0 and Modbus RTU Protocols
• Flash Memory for Upgrades
• Drawout Construction
• Programmable Display
• Simulation Test Mode
• IRIG-B Time Sync

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 SR489 Generator Management Relay

Product Overview
• Ideal Protection for Induction and Synchronous
Generators at 25, 50 and 60Hz
• Complete Generator Protection including:
» Generator Stator Differential
» 2 Zone Distance Backup
» 100% Stator Ground
• High speed sampling, 12 samples per cycle
• Drawout Case Installation
• Powerful Fault Recording: Waveform, Sequence of
Events
• Ethernet and Serial Communications
• EnerVista Suite of Software supported
• Metering of all important parameters

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 SR489 Protection Functions
Protection Functions
Include:
• Generator Stator Differential
• Backup Distance Protection
• 100% Stator Ground
• Generator Unbalance
• Loss of Excitation
• Accidental Energization
• Breaker Fail
• Phase Overcurrent – Voltage Restraint
• Neutral Inst. / Timed Overcurrent
• Neg. Sequence Overcurrent
• Under / Over Voltage
• Under / Over Frequency
• Generator Thermal Model
• RTD Temperature
• Overexcitation – Volts/Hertz

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 SR745 - Transformer Protection

• 64 Samples/Cycle
• 3 Phase Differential Protection
• 3 Phase & Ground Overcurrent per Winding
• Adaptive Time Overcurrent
• Programmable Time Current Curves
• Loss of Life Monitoring (Opt.)
• 4 Setting Groups
• Harmonic Analysis (up to 25st)
• Angle & Zero Sequence Compensation
• Analog Outputs/Input (Opt.)
• 2 & 3 Winding Models
• Configurable Logic
• Waveform Capturing & Playback
• Simulation Test Mode
• Flash Memory for Upgrades
• RS485 Communications
• Modbus RTU and DNP3.0 Protocols
• Programmable Display
SR745
Transformer Management

• Dynamic CT Ratio Correction

Relay

• IRIG-B Time Sync

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 The UR Family - One Common Architecture
TRANSMISSION
•L60 (Transmission Line: Phase Comparison)
•L90 (Transmission Line: Current Differential)
•D30, D60, abd D90 (Transmission Line: Distance)
•B30 and B90 (Busbar: 6 to 24 Feeder)

DISTRIBUTION •F35 (Feeder: Multiple Feeders - Basic Protection)

•F60 (Feeder: Comprehensive w Hi-Z)
•T60 (Transformer: Comprehensive)
•C30 (Control IED)
•C60 (Breaker Management IED)
IED

GENERATION / MOTOR
•G30 and G60 (Generator: Comprehensive)
•T60 and T35 (Transformer: Basic up to 6
Windings)
•B30 and B90 (Busbar: Comprehensive up to 24
Feeders)
•M60 (Motor)

“The Engine for Substation /

Plant Automation”
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Modular Hardware Family

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 Modules
Power Supply

CPU
Main Processor

DSP & Magnetics

DSP processor + CT/VTs
High-Speed Data Bus

DIGITAL I/O
Status Inputs / Control Outputs
Physical Realization

ANALOG I/O
Analog Transducer I/O

COMMUNICATIONS
or

HMI
Modular
(4RU high)
19’’ Chassis

Vertical Unit

(Hinged & Removeable)

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 Modularity...
Power Supply CPU DSP + CT/VT

DSP & Magnetics

DSP processor + CT/VTs
Power Supply

Main Processor
CPU

•Two Ranges •High-speed 32-Bit RISC CPU •Modular CT/VT configurations

•19-60 VDC > 50 MIPS, up to 120 MIPS • up to 8 CT/VTs
(L) (MIPS - Million Instructions per Second)
•88-300 VDC / 88-288 VAC •High-speed digital sampling
(H) FLASH memory >16 Bit A/D converter
•Battery for Memory •Easy firmware upgrades > 64 samples / cycle
Backup •High-speed 16-Bit DSP
•High-Speed Comms support
•10Mbps Ethernet LAN > 32 MIPS, up to 80 MIPS
•Redundant Fiber (option)
•“Sources” Concept
•RS485
User Selects CT/VT Input for
Protection Element
•IRIG-B Input
•Capacitor Memory Backup
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 Modularity... !
Digital I/O Analog I/O Communications

COMMUNICATIONS
Status Inputs / Control Outputs

Analog Transducer I/O

ANALOG I/O
DIGITAL I/O

(Protection)
•Control outputs •Transducer type inputs •High-Speed Serial Communications
•Solid State •dcmA
•Electromechanical - •RTD L90 Relay
multiple types •RS422 at 64kbps
•Fast activation speeds •Support multiple I/O •G.703 at 64kbps
(< 4ms) configurations •Fiber Optical (Single/Multi mode)
•820nm Multi-mode
•Status inputs •1300nm Single-mode
•Dry and Wet contacts •1300nm Multi-mode
•18 - 300 VDC •G.703
•Fast detection speeds •RS422
(< 4ms)
L60 Relay
•5V/20mA Channel Interface
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 ‘Upgradeability’/Serviceability
‘Plug n Play’ CPU Automatically
Recognizes New
Hardware upon
Initialization

Easy Module
Draw-out

Module
Field Wiring
Keying
Undisturbed

CT Shorting
‘Clips’

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 Example: Busbar with 5 Feeders

W 51 27P
VT1

50/ 50/ 50/ 50/ 50/

51 51 51 51 51

W W W W W

81 81 81 81 81

79 79 79 79 79

CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5

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Example: Inputs in to UR Relay
CT4 CT2 CT1

CT5 CT3 VT1

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 Example: UR Relay using Sources
CT1
ΣI I S o u rce #1
5 0 /5 1 81 W 79
V T1 VI V
P h y s ic a l 3 -p h a s e
I & V In p u ts
ΣI I S o u rce #2
V T1 C T2
5 0 /5 1 81 W 79
V T1 VI V
C T1
ΣI I S o u rce #3
CT3 5 0 /5 1 81 W 79
CT2 V T1 V I
Configure Sources
(done via settings)

ΣI I S o u rce #4
CT3 C T4 5 0 /5 1 81 W 79
V T1 VI V
CT4
ΣI I S o u rce #5
C T5 5 0 /5 1 81 W 79
CT5 V T1 VI V

ΣI I S o u rce #6
Universal 51 27P W
C T 1 ..C T 5
Relay V T1 VI V

50-Inst, 51-Time, 81-Freq, 79- Reclose

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 F60 Feeder Protection
Single Feeder Protection with Bus Voltage
• Phase, Neutral & Ground Time Overcurrent (51P, 51N, 51G)
• Phase, Neutral & Ground Inst.Overcurrent (50P, 50N, 50G)
• Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent (51_2)
• Negative Sequence Inst.Overcurrent (50_2)
• Fast or EM Reset Characteristic for TOC Elements
• Phase, Neutral and Negative Sequence Directional Control
• Phase Undervoltage & Overvoltage
• Negative Sequence Overvoltage
• Underfrequency (6 elements)
• Overfrequency
• 4 Shot Autoreclosing with Sequence Coordination
• VT Fuse Failure
• Programmable Fast & Slow Operations
• Breaker Failure (50BF)
• Synchrocheck (25)
• Cold Load Pickup
• Breaker Arcing Current (I2t)
• Data Logger & Fault Location
• Transducer I/O
• FlexLogic with gates and timers
• Programmable LED Panels
• Metering
• Harmonic Metering (up to 25th )
• Oscillography
• Event Recorder & Fault Records
• Demand Recording
• DNP, Modbus RTU & UCA Protocols
• 8 Setting Groups
• Down Conductor Detection (Optional)
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 F35 Multiple Feeder Protection

5 Feeder Protection with Bus Voltage

6 Feeder Protection w/o Bus Voltage

• Programmable LED Panels

• (6) Phase TOC elements
• (12) Phase IOC elements
• (6) Neutral TOC elements
• (12) Neutral IOC elements
• (6) Ground TOC elements
• (12) Ground IOC elements
• (1) Phase Undervoltage element
• (6) Underfrequency elements
• (6) Autoreclosing elements
• FlexLogic with gates and timers
• Transducer I/O
• Data Logger
• Metering
• Oscillography
• Event Recorder
• Demand Recording
• DNP, Modbus RTU & UCA Protocols
• 8 Setting Groups

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 S E T T I N G S I NFB ER U E E SDA EE K R E R1 1 F E E D E R 2
G R O U P 1 BO RP E AN K E R O PB E R N E A K E R O P

LED
G R O U P 2 BC RL OE AS KE DE R C L B O R S E EA D K E R C L
G R O U P 3 T R IO P U B L E T R I P
G R O U P 4 A L A R M A L A R M
G R O U P 5 PB I R C E K A U K P E R 2 P I C K U P

Programmability
G R O U P 6 AO RP E E N N A B L E DA R E N A B L E D
G R O U P 7 AC RL O I NS E PD R O G AR RE S I NS P R O G
G R O U P 8 AT RR O L U O B C L K E O U AT R L O C K O U

S T A T U S E V E N T C A U S E S E T T I N G S I FBN ER UE E SDA E K R E R1 1 F E E D E R 2 F E E D E R 3 F E E D E R 4 F E E D E R 5
IN S E R V I C E V O L T A G E G R O U P 1 BO RP E AN K E R O BP ER NE A K E R O P E NB R E A K E R O BP RE EN A K E R O BP ER NE A K E R O P E N
T R O U B L E C U R R E N T R E S E T G R O U P 2 BC RL OE AS EK DE R C LB OR SE AE DK E R C L O SB ERD E A K E R C BL OR ES A E DK E R C BL OR SE AE D K E R C L O S E D
T E S T M O D E F R E Q U E N C Y G R O U P 3 T R IO P U B L E T R I P T R I P T R I P T R I P
T R I P O T H E R U S E R 1 G R O U P 4 A L A R M A L A R M A L A R M A L A R M A L A R M
A L A R M P H A S E A G R O U P 5 PB I R C E K A U K P E R 2 P I C K U P P I C K U P P I C K U P P I C K U P
P I C K U P P H A S E B U S E R 2 G R O U P 6 AO RP E E NN A B L E DA R E N A B L E D A R E N A B L E AD R E N A B L E AD R E N A B L E D
P H A S E C G R O U P 7 AC RL O I NS E PD R O G A R RE SI N S P R O G R E SA SR IN P R O G AR RE SI N S P R O G A R RE SI N S P R O G R E S S
N E U T R A L / G RU OS UE RN D3 G R O U P 8 AT RR O L U O B C L K E O U AT R L O C K O U T A R L O C K O U A TR L O C K O U A T R L O C K O U T

M E N U 7 8 9

H E L P M E S S A G E 4 5 6
F 3 M5 U L T IP L E F E E D E R M A N A G E M E N T R E L A Y

E S C A P E 1 2 3

E N T E R V A L U E 0 . + / -

8 3 2 7 3 9 A 1 . C D R

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 T60 Transformer Protection
• Up to 4 Restraint Inputs
• 2 & 3 Restraint with Three Phase Voltage Inputs
• 4 Restraint without Voltage Inputs

• Dual Slope Percent Differential Protection (87T)

• Harmonic Inhibit Feature
• Overexitation Inhibit Feature

• Instantaneous Differential Element (50/87)

• Overcurrent Protection Per Winding (50/51)
• Phase, Neutral & Ground Time Overcurrent
• Phase, Neutral & Ground Inst.Overcurrent
• Fast or EM Reset Characteristic for TOC Elements

• Phase Undervoltage
• Phase Overvoltage
• Phase & Neutral Directional OC
• Volts/Hz
• Restricted Ground Fault
• RTD and dcmA Inputs Available
• Underfrequency (6 elements)
• Data Logger
• FlexLogic with gates and timers
• Programmable LED Panels
• Metering per Winding (I, V, W, Var, VA, PF)
• Harmonic Metering (up to 25th )
• Differential and Restraint Currents
• Oscillography & Event Recorder
• Demand Recording
• DNP, Modbus RTU & UCA Protocols
• 8 Setting Groups

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 UR Applications

Option 1
T60 - Transformer Protection
F60 - Main Feeder Protection
F35 - Backup Feeder Protection

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 UR Applications

Option 2
T60 - Transformer Protection
F35 - Main Feeder Protection
F35 - Backup Feeder Protection

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Tools

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 Free PC Software and Firmware
• Windows based
• Access all:
– Actual Values
– Setpoints
– Status
– Event records
• Oscillography
• Graphical trending
• Setpoint programming
• Setpoint files
• Download updated firmware to
Flash memory

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 Enervista Launchpad: http://
www.geindustrial.com/multilin/enervista/launchp
/

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50
Demo Relays at L-3

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ANSI Symbols

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Conversion of Electro-Mechanical to
Electronic sheet

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PowerPoint presentations at:
http://l-3.com/private/levine/

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GE Multilin Training CD’s

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Thank You

Questions?

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