Wireless Access in 2006

and Beyond

Matt Kolon
Mobility Architect
matt@juniper.net

Copyright © 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential www.juniper.net 1

 Agenda

 Mobile technology overview

• GSM, GPRS/EDGE and transition to UMTS WCDMA
• CDMA and CDMA2000 transition to 3G
• WLAN and mobile integration

 Planning considerations for wireless access

2
Mobile Packet Networks
Service Domain
Host
Subscriber
Server (HSS)
Emergency
WiFi/WiMax Alert System
(EAS) IP Multimedia Subsystem

Access Point
Call Session Media Transit
Control Resource Switching
Site Router
Function Function (MRF) Center (TSC)
(CSCF)

PSTN/
Media
Base Transceiver Mobile Gateway ISDN
Station (BTS) Switching
Center (MSC)
Base Station
Controller (BSC) Serving GPRS
Support Node
(SGSN)
Base Switching Station
(GSM/EDGE) Mobile Packet Backbone
Gateway
Network GSN
Base Transceiver
Station (BTS)

Intranets/
Radio Network
Controller (RNC) Multimedia Internet
Gateway
WLAN Access
Server
UTRAN (WCDMA)

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 Wireless evolution: 3 major streams
2G 2.5G 3G

IS-95B

CDMA CDMA2000
CDMA 1xRTT 1xEV-DO 1xEV-DV
IS-95A 3xRTT

HSCSD

GSM GSM GPRS WCDMA

Multiple phases
EDGE

Wireless WiFi WiMAX

Broadband

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 GSM evolution to 3G
High Speed Circuit Switched Data
Dedicate up to 4 timeslots for data connection ~ 50 kbps
Good for real-time applications c.w. GPRS
Inefficient -> ties up resources, even when nothing sent
Not as popular as GPRS (many skipping HSCSD)
Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution
GSM Uses 8PSK modulation
HSCSD
9.6kbps (one timeslot) 3x improvement in data rate on short distances
GSM Data Can fall back to GMSK for greater distances
Also called CSD Combine with GPRS (EGPRS) ~ 384 kbps
Can also be combined with HSCSD
GSM GPRS
WCDMA
General Packet Radio Services
Data rates up to ~ 115 kbps EDGE
Max: 8 timeslots used as any one time
Packet switched; resources not tied up all the time
Contention based. Efficient, but variable delays
GSM / GPRS core network re-used by WCDMA (3G)

5
 CDMA2000 evolution to 3G
IS-95B CDMA2000 1xEV-DO: Evolved Data Optimised
Uses multiple code channels Third phase in CDMA2000 evolution
Data rates up to 64kbps Standardised version of Qualcomm High Data Rate (HDR)
Many operators gone direct to 1xRTT Adds TDMA components beneath code components
Good for highly asymmetric high speed data apps
IS-95B Speeds to 2Mbps +, classed as a “3G” system
Use new or existing spectrum
CDMA
IS-95A CDMA2000
1xEV-DO 1xEV-DV
3xRTT
IS-95A
14.4 kbps 1xRTT
CDMA2000 1x Evolved DV
Core network
CDMA2000 1xRTT: single carrier RTT Fourth phase in CDMA2000 evolution
re-used in
First phase in CDMA2000 evolution Still under development
CDMA2000
Easy co-existence with IS-95A air interface Speeds to 5Mbps+ (more than 3xRTT!)
Release 0 - max 144 kbps Possible end game.
Release A – max 384 kbps
Same core network as IS-95

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 3G Release 99 Packet switched

SCP

RNC Iu r 3G MSC
AAL2 TDM
Iu b Iu cs
NodeB
PSTN

USIM IP/AAL5 HLR AUC

Iu ps

IP Internet
Corporate
Gn Gi

3G SGSN 3G GGSN
Packet transfer to & from serving area
Multiple PDP contexts
Registration, authentication
QoS (GPRS extensions for
Mobility management real time traffic classes etc)
logical links to RNC, tunnel to GGSN
QoS

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 3G Release 4 TS 23.205 Split
TS 29.414 Bearer

BICC Circuit switched

call control server
Mc (MSC Server)
H.248
MEGACO
Nb
TDM
ATM
NodeB Media
IP
Media PSTN
Gateway Gateway
USIM IP/AAL5 (CS-MGW)

Split MSC into bearer and control

Bearer independent CS Internet
Corporate
New MGCP, new CS call control

Streaming MMS service using PS

streaming service 26.233

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 3G Release 5 23.228 IMS
25.933 IP UTRAN

BICC Circuit switched

call control server

SIP RTP
H.248
STACK or
UDP/IP or AAL2 AAL2 TDM
Iu cs ATM
Iu b IP
NodeB
PSTN
Iu ps
USIM IP/AAL5

Native IP UTRAN option

Internet
Call Session Control Function Corporate

IP multimedia control sub system

(IMS) – IPv6, SIP based SIP IP Multimedia
CSCF

QoS enhancements (end-to-end)

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Mobile IP Applications
 WiMAX networks
 WLAN to cellular roaming
 Inter GGSN or PDSN roaming

Wi-Fi

FA

Mobile
Node WAP ESS Internet

FA
RAN
Mobile
HA
Core
Home
SGSN Network

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 Mobile IP Interworking with UMTS/GPRS

 Recommends use of FA Care Of Addresses (CoA), not collocated, to conserve IPv4 addresses

Source:
3GPP

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 Tight integration proposed by 3GPP

HLR

GPRS Tunneling Protocol GGSN

Access Controller, RADIUS/SS-7

Client Authenticator RADIUS Relay HLR GGSN
GW

EAPoL
RADIUS
RADIUS
Gr Interface
Client -
Authentication
Create PDP Context {IP, transparent mode APN,
IMSI/NSAPI, MSISDN, dynamic address requested}
Create PDP Context Response {End User Address}
DHCP Discover

Client – DHCP Offer

IP Address
DHCP Request
Assignment
DHCP Ack {address = End User
address from GGSN} Lease
expiration
Delete PDP Context Request

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 High Level IMS Architecture

ABBREVIATIONS

SERVICE
PLANE
SCIM: Service Capability Interaction Manager
MRFC: Multimedia Resource Function Controller SCIM
CSCF: Call Session Control Function (Service Broker Platform)
HSS: Home Subscriber Server
HLR: Home Location Register
PDF: Policy Decision Function MRFC S-CSCF
HSS
BGCF: Breakout Gateway Control Function

CONTROL
I-CSCF HLR
MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function

PLANE
MGW: Media Gateway P-CSCF BGCF
GGSN: Gateway P\GPRS Support Node
SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node PDF MGCF

MRFP PSTN
Node B RNC MG MG PLMN
W W
BTS BSC
SGSN GGSN
Intranet/
Internet
WLAN
RAN TRANSPORT PLANE

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Thank You

14
Backup Slides

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 3GPP2 Reference Architecture
MSC/VLR
HLR
SS7

A
Reference
Point A1 A 2 A5

Radio
A9 A11 Pi External IP
Source Network
Network
BSC
(RN) A8 PCF A10
PDSN

Aquinter Aquater
Ater A3 Reference Reference
Reference Point Point
Point A7 (R-P Interface)

Source
BTS
Target
BSC Ref: 3GPP2 A.S0011

Ref: 3GPP2 A.S0011

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 GPRS: General Packet Radio Service

Circuit SCP
Switched BSC & PCU
TDM
Um Abis A
BTS
PSTN

SIM FR HLR AUC

Packet Gb
Switched
Core IP Network Internet
Corporate
Gn Gi

Packet Control Unit
(PCU)
Forward data frames from
TDM BSS to packet core
New hardware in BSC
Serving GPRS Support Node Gateway GPRS Support
(SGSN) Node (GGSN)
Packet transfer to, from serving area Gateway to external IP
networks (VPN/ISP etc)
Registration, authentication, mobility IP network security
management / handover, CDRs
GPRS session mgmt, AAAA
logical links to BTS, tunnel to GGSN CDRs for charging

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