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Elizabeth Pisani
Vienna, 2010
A tale of two epidemics
Percent of adults infected with HIV, 2007
(Source: UNAIDS, national goverments)
Swa z
ila nd
Swaziland 33
Bots
wana
Botswana 24
L es
o tho
Lesotho 23
Sub-Saharan Africa:
Zim
babwe
Zimbabwe 20 * 10% of world population
Na m
ibia
Namibia 20
South Afric a
South Africa 19 * 66% of HIV
Za m
bia
Zambia 17
Moz
ambiq ue
Mozambique 16
* 72 % of AIDS deaths 2005
Mala wi
Malawi 14
CAR
CAR 11
SS Afric a
SS Africa 6
Carib bean
Caribbean 2
Am
eric as
Americas 0.6
Euro pe
Europe 0.5
As
ia P acific
Asia Pacific 0.4
No rth Afric a and Mid dle Eas
t
Med Crescent 0.2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
The other twenty million
The naked truth
HIV is a virus that spreads largely among people who have
unprotected sex with several partners or share needles
in any three-month period.
3 0 ,0 0 0
2 5 ,0 0 0
Number of people newly infected with HIV
2 0 ,0 0 0
1 5 ,0 0 0
1 0 ,0 0 0
5 ,0 0 0
-
1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016
35%
30% Slide 17
HIV IS a “development problem”
In Africa, there’s more HIV in the richest countries
Adult HIV prevalence by per capita GNP.
The size of the circle represents absolute numbers of people infected
35%
CONTACT EXPOSURE
TRANSMISSION
Will they have Will body fluids
Who is HIV sex or inject be exchanged? Is the HIV
uninfected? uninfected
drugs together?
susceptible?
HIV HIV
uninfected uninfected
Is the HIV
Who is HIV infected
HIV HIV infectious?
infected? infected infected
Testing Condoms
Methadone Sterile needles ARVs
Surveillance STI treatment
Blood screening
Ceasarian
Source: Pisani, Back to Basics, 2006
In the field of AIDS,
treatment IS prevention
-Senator Tom Coburn, June 2008
Behaviour