Computer Graphics

With OpenGL
 Outline
Philosophy
Composition
Recommended Reading

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B.Tulasi, Dept Of CS,Christ University Bangalore
What is computer graphics?

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 Algorithms for 2D computer graphics
 2D,3D geometrical transformations and

clipping
 Illumination and shading
 Curves and surfaces.
 OpenGL

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 Donald Hearn, M. Pauline Baker, Computer Graphics. PHI, 2nd
Edition, New Delhi, Reprint as on 2006.
 OpenGL Redbook Version 1.1 (Online)
 Zhigang Xiang, Roy A Plastock, Adapted by: P S Avadhani,
Computer Graphics, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, New Delhi,
Special Indian Edition 2006.
 Foley, Vandam & Feiner, Hughes, Computer Graphics
Principles & Practice, Second edition in C, Pearson Education
(Singapore Pvt Ltd, Indian Branch, Delhi) 6th Indian Reprint
2001.
 Richard S Wright, Jr. Michael Sweet, Open GL Super Bible, 2nd
Edition
 Woo, Mason and Neider, Jackie, Open GL Programming guide

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Why Study Computer Graphics?
 It is the primary method of presentation of information from
computer to human.
 It is a core component of any computer system, with
computer graphics playing a major role in:
◦ Entertainment - computer animation;
◦ User interfaces;
◦ Interactive visualisation - business and science;
◦ Cartography;
◦ Medicine;
◦ Computer aided design;
◦ Multimedia systems;
◦ Computer games;
◦ Image processing.

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 Video Display devices

 Refresh Cathode Ray Tubes

◦ Persistence of Phosphorus
◦ Resolution
◦ Aspect ratio
 Raster Scan Display
◦ Frame buffer/Refresh Buffer
◦ Pixel
◦ Horizontal retrace
◦ Vertical retrace
 Random Scan Display
◦ Draws one line at a time –vector displays
◦ Display file/refresh buffer

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 Colour CRT monitors
◦ Beam Penetration method
◦ Shadow mask
 Direct View Storage Tubes
◦ Stores information as charge distribution behind
phosphor coated screen.
 Flat Panel Displays
◦ Emissive displays-convert electrical energy to
light(LED)
◦ Non Emissive Displays –convert sunlight or light
from some other source into graphics pattern(LCD)

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 Input Devices
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Joysticks
 Data Glove
 Digitizers
 Light pen
 Image Scanners
 Touch Pens

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Architecture Of A Graphics System

Display
Frame Video
Processor Monitor
Memory Buffer Controller

Display System
CPU
Processor Memory

System Bus

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Graphics Software
 There are two types

◦ General Programming package(GL, OpenGL)

◦ Special purpose application package (CAD, medical)
Coordinate Representation
 Cartesian coordinates
 Modeling/Local/Master coordinates
 World coordinates
 Device/screen coordinates
 Normalized coordinates

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 Graphics functions
 Basic building blocks are called as output
primitives(point, lines)
 Attributes –properties of output

primitives(colour, line style)

 Geometric transformation-object
 Modeling transformation –scene
 Viewing Transformation –specify view

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 Software Standards
 GKS-Graphical Kernel System(GKS)
 PHIGS-Programmers hierarchical interactive

graphics standard
 Computer Graphics Interface(CGI)-

standardization of device interface method

 Computer Graphics Metafile(CGM)-Standards

for archiving and transporting pictures

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