Start in the name of Allah, the Merciful the

Beneficial
Management Information
System

BBA-6B
Foundation University Islamabad
GROUP MEMBERS

Sarfraz Ali
Zeeshan Altaf
Huma Siraj
Kamran Nawaz
Haroon Rasheed
 Hardware

Computer hardware is a physical component of the

computer.
By definition, the different parts of a computer that can be
touched constitute computer hardware.
Computer hardware technology constitute the underlying
physical foundation for the firms IT infrastructure.
 Computer Hardware

External Internal
attached attached

Computer
Computer parts
Peripherals

Internal
Components
 CPU
Primary
Storage
Devices
Computer
Secondary
hardware
Inputs

Outputs
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Very large scale integrated circuit technology that integrates the

computer’s memory, logic, and control on single chip.

It is a set of logic machines that can execute computer

programs.
Executes sequences of stored instructions known as
programs often called the brain of the computer.

Part of computer system where the manipulation of symbols, numbers

and letters occurs and it controls the other parts.
 Types of Processing

Co-processor:
Additional processor that enhances the performance by
performing specific tasks to free the CPU from other processing
activities.

Parallel Processing:
Type of processing in which more than one instructions can be
processed at a time by breaking down a problem into smaller
parts and processing them simultaneously with multiple
processors.
Storage Devices

Used to keep data when the power to the

computer is turned off

Primary
Storage

Storage
Devices
 Primary Storage

It is computer memory that is directly accessible to the CPU of a computer

without the use of computer’s I/O channels.
Located near the CPU and sometimes called primary memory or main
memory
It is used to store data that is likely to be saved in “active use”.
 Functions of Primary Storage

It stores all or parts of program that is being executed.

It also stores the operating system programs that manage the
operations of the computer.
Primary storage area holds data that is being used by the
program
 Buses

Data bus moves data to and from primary storage

Address bus transmits signals for locating a given address in the primary
storage, indicating where data should be placed.

Control bus transmits signals specifying whether to read or write data to

and from a given primary storage address input devices, or output devices.
 Primary Storage

ROM

Read Only Memory

ROM is class of storage media used in computer
Data stored in ROM cannot be modified
ROM is non-volatile storage
Data remains unchanged even after switching off the
computer
Example: EPROM, EEPROM
 Primary Storage

RAM

Random Access Memory is a type of data storage used in

computers
It takes the form of integrated circuits ICs that allow the stored
data to be accessed in any order
Data stored in RAM can be modified
RAM is volatile storage.
Data will lose after switching off the computers
Examples: DDR2, DDR3
 LATEST PROCESSORS
PROCESSORS CORE SPEED

AMD Phenom II X4 920 Quad 2.80 GHz

Quad Core
AMD Athlon 64 X2 5200+ Dual 2.70 GHz
2.70GHz Dual-Core
AMD Phenom X4 9850 Quad 2.50 GHz
Quad Core Processor
Intel Core i7-990X 3.46 Six 3.46 GHz
GHz Extreme Edition CPU
Intel Core 2 Quad Q9650 Quad --
Processor BX80569Q9650
Intel Core 2 Duo E8600 Core 2 Duo --
Processor BX80570E8600
Intel Pentium Dual-Core Dual 2.93 GHz
E6500 Processor
Intel Celeron D 430 -- 1.80 GHz
Processor
 LATEST RAM

RAM MEMORY TYPE

Patriot Sector 7 24 GB DDR3

PC12800

Corsair Vengeance 16 GB DDR3

PC12800

Kingston HyperX 8 GB DDR3

Corsair XMS2 PC6400 4 GB DDR2

 Secondary Storage

It is computer memory that is not directly accessible to the

CPU of a computer, requiring the use of computer’s I/O
channels
It is used to store data that is not in active use.
It is usually slower than primary storage but it always has
higher storage capacity.
It is non-volatile.
Data remains unchanged even after switching off the
computer.
 Secondary Storage devices

• Data are stored by means of magnetized

Magnetic spots on a hard or floppy disk
disk

• Magnetic disk resembling a thin,

Hard metallic platter
disk

• Removable magnetic disk storage

Floppy primarily used with PCs.
disk
 Secondary Storage

• Direct Access Storage Device

• Magnetic disk technology that permits the CPU to locate
DASD a record directly

• Redundant Array of Inexpensive disks

• Disk storage technology to boost disk performance by
packaging more than hundred smaller disk drives with a
controller chip and specialized software in a single, large unit
RAID to deliver data over multiple paths simultaneously

• Compact disk read only memory

• Read only optical disk storage used for imaging, reference, and
other applications with massive amounts of unchanging data
and for multimedia.
CD ROM

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12/8/21 19
 Secondary Storage

• Write once / Read Many

• Optical disk system that allows user to record data
only once, data cannot be erased but can be
WORM indefinitely.

• Compact disk recordable

• Optical disk system that allows individuals and
CD-R organizations to record their own CD-ROMs.

• Digital Video Disk:

• High capacity, optical storage medium, that can
DVD store full length videos and large amount of data.
 Secondary Storage

• Inexpensive, older secondary storage medium in

which large volumes of information are stored
Magnetic sequentially by means of magnetized and non-
tape magnetized spots on tape.

• Storage Area Network

• A high speed network dedicated to storage, which
contains different kinds of storage devices, such as
SAN Tape libraries and Disk arrays.

• Storage Service Provider: SSP

• Third party provider that rents out storage space to
subscribers over the web, allowing the customers to store
and access the data without having to purchase and
SSP maintain their own storage technology.

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 LATEST Hard-disks
Hard disk Capacity Drive Type

Seagate Barracuda LP 2 TB Internal

HD

Iomega Select 34966 1TB External

Hitachi 0S02520 500 GB Internal

Western Digital 2TB External

WD20EARS Caviar
Green
Fantom 2 TB Internal
 Computer Peripherals
Devices connected by cable to the CPU.
Used to expand the computer’s input, output and storage
capabilities.

Inputs

Computer
Peripherals

Outputs
INPUT DEVICES

Handheld device with point and click

Pointing capabilities that is usually connected to
Devices computer by cable.

It allows users to enter limited amount of data by

Touch touching surface of sensitized video display monitor with
screen
a finger or pointer.

Source data Input technology that captures data in

automation
computers-reader form at the time and place
the data are created.
INPUT DEVICES

Form of source data automation in which

Optical optical scanning device read specifically
Character
Recognition designed data off source documents and
(OCR) translates the data into the digital form for the
computer

Bar-Code
Form of OCR technology widely used in
supermarkets and retail stores in which
identification data are coded into a series of
Magnetic bars.
Ink
Character Input technology that translates characters
Recognition
written in magnetic ink into digital codes for
(MICR)
processing
INPUT DEVICES

Input devices such as tablets, notebooks and

Pen-Based notepads consisting of a flat screen, display tablet
Input and a pen like stylus that digitize handwriting

Input devices that translates images, such as

Digital
Scanners pictures or documents, into digital form for
processing.

Voice-Input Technology that converts the spoken words into

Devices digital form for processing

Sensors Devices that collect data directly from the

environment into a computer system.
 Scanner

1. Flatbed scanners
2. Sheet-fed scanners
3. Handheld scanners
4. Drum scanners
 Scanner

Flatbed scanners, also called desktop scanners, are the most versatile and
commonly used scanners.

Sheet-fed scanners are similar to flatbed scanners except the document is moved
and the scan head is immobile.

Handheld scanners use the same basic technology as a flatbed scanner, but rely
on the user to move them instead of a motorized belt.
Less image quality but useful for quickly capturing text.

Drum scanners are used by the publishing industry to capture incredibly

detailed images. They use a technology called a photomultiplier tube (PMT)
 OUTPUT DEVICES

Monitors A window into the computer's memory. It allows data

entry to be checked by echoing input characters on the
screen

Printers An output device that provides a paper hard-copy output

in the form of text or graphics.

Voice output A converter of digital output data into spoken words.

device

Multimedia The integration of two or more types of media such as text,

graphics, sound, full motion video, or animation into
computer based

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 Monitors

A monitor is an interface between the computer and the

operator.
To connect the computer's output to the monitor, the video
adapter converts the computers instructions to a form that tells
the monitor what to display.

Types of Monitors

CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
 CRT MONITOR

A beam of electrons lights up pixels/dots on the screen.

Color is achieved by combining Red/Green/Blue (RGB)
of different intensities.
Features

High Voltage Device

Two connections present in a CRT.

i) To the AC power outlet

ii) To the System Unit (DB-15, DVI)
 LCD Monitor

They have an advantage of being cheap but a disadvantage is that

it is very hard to see what they display in the dark. They are
used in laptops because they are flat.
Features
HVD in Desktops and LVD in Laptops
Two connections present in a HVD LCD Monitor
i) To the AC power outlet
ii) To the System Unit
3) Highly energy efficient.
Monitor Capability types and their characteristics
 Dot Matrix Printer
Types of Printers
1. Dot Matrix Printer
2. Inkjet Printer
3. Laser Printer

Laser printer
Inkjet Printer
 Dot Matrix Printer

Also called Impact printers

Fires pins at an ink ribbon, which contacts the paper and leaves a mark
Print quality is measured in "pins", as in 9-pin, 24-pin, 48-pin printers
The quality of print is at best NLQ, Near Letter Quality.
The speed of the printer is measured in cps, characters per second.
The paper most often used with dot matrix is continuous, tractor-fed
paper with
perforated strips on the sides.
 Inkjet Printer

• Inkjet printers use liquid ink-filled cartridges that force out and spray
ink at the page through tiny holes called nozzles.
Inkjet printers have two kinds of print heads that move back and forth in
perfect
synchronization with the spray of ink.
Inkjet printers can use plain paper and inkjet specific paper (for higher print
quality).
• Print quality is measured in dpi, dots per inch.
• Print speed is measured in ppm, pages per minute.
 Laser Printer

The majority of businesses use laser printers for demanding

printing needs (speed, quantity, quality).

Laser printers print one whole page at a time, and require RAM
(more memory) to operate.
• Print quality is measured as dpi
 Networking Hardware Components

Pieces of hardware, which make it possible for a computer to

be a part of a network.
Modem
Used for dial-up connections. It modulates analog carrier signals to
encode digital information and demodulates it to decode the
information transmitted.
Network Card
Serves as a networking medium
Also known as a network adapter, a LAN card and better known as a
NIC.
Router
Device used to join multiple wired or wireless computer networks
Software
 Software

A set of instructions (in machine code) given to the

computer to solve user problems and to control
different operations of the computer is known as
computer software.
 SOFTWARE

SYSTEM APPLICATION

OPERATING

UTILITIES

DEVICE
DRIVERS

PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
MIS. Hardware & Software
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 System Software

Set of programs that control the operations of a computer and

devices attached with the computer. It creates links between user
and computer as well as controls the execution of application
programs.

SYSTEM

OPERATING DEVICE PROGRAMMING

UTILITIES
SYSTEM DRIVERS LANGUAGES
 1. OPERATING SYSTEMS

Software consisting of programs and instructions, that runs on

computers and manages computer hardware resources and
provides common services for efficient execution of various
application software

For hardware functions such as input and output and memory

allocation, OS acts as an intermediary between application
programs and the computer hardware.
OPERATING SYSTEMS

1. MICROSOFT WINDOWS

It is a family of proprietary operating systems

Most commonly used on personal computers
About 90% of the market share
Currently, the most widely used version of the Windows family is
Windows XP, released on October 25, 2001.
The newest version is Windows 7 for personal computers and
Windows Server 2008 R2 for servers.

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 OPERATING SYSTEMS

2. Mac OS X

It is a line of partially proprietary graphical operating systems

developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., the latest of which is pre-
loaded on all currently shipping Macintosh computers.
Mac OS X is the successor to the original Mac OS, which had been
Apple's primary operating system since 1984.

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 OPERATING SYSTEMS

3. GNU/LINUX

It is the generic name for a UNIX-like operating system that can be

used on a wide range of devices from supercomputers to
wristwatches. Linux is used in some commonly used distributions,
such as Ubuntu, and Google’s Android.

MIS. Hardware & Software

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 OPERATING SYSTEMS

4. UNIX

It is a multitasking, multi-user computer OS originally developed in

1969
Unix operating systems are widely used in servers, workstations, and
mobile devices.

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 Multitask
ing

Multi-
Real-time user

OPERATING
SYSTEMS

Multi Multi
threading processing

MIS. Hardware & Software

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2. UTILITITY SOFTWARE

System software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and

maintain the computer.

Disk defragmenters
Disk checkers
Disk Cleaners
Disk space analyzers
Disk partitions
Backup

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 3. DEVICE DRIVERS

Computer program allowing higher-level computer programs to

interact with a hardware device.
A device driver consists of an INF file that describes how to install the
driver, the driver file, and one or more additional files required for
device support.

Drivers may interface with:

Printers
Video adapters
Network cards
Sound cards
etc

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 4. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
A programming language is used to write computer programs

 FORTRON
Stands for FORmula TRANslating system
It was the first compiled high-level language designed for the new IBM 704.
 LISP
Stands for LISt Processing language.
Deals with problems of linguistic, psychology, and mathematics.
 ALGOL
Stands for ALGOrithmic Language. It was designed in 1958.
ALGOL was designed to be a language that was close to mathematical notation,
good for describing algorithms, and was machine independent.
 COBOL
Designed in 1960 to support business-oriented computation which requires
fixed point arithmetric.
MIS. Hardware & Software
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 4. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
 BASIC
Easy to learn and use for non-science students; Must be “pleasant and
friendly”; Fast turnaround for homework; Free and private access
 SNOBOL
It was designed as a string manipulation language
It had powerful operators for string pattern matching but suffered from poor
readability and maintainability.
 PASCAL
Designed for teaching structured programming.
 PROLOG – 1972
Stands for Logic Programming.
It is based on formal logic.
 JAVA
It was developed at Sun in the early 1990s and is based on C++.
It is significantly simplified as compared to C++ and supports only OOP.

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4. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

 C++
It is general purpose programming language
Regarded as an intermediate level language
Its application domain include
system software
application software
device drivers
embedded software
high performance servers
client applications and entertainment software.

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 Application Software

A set of programs used to solve particular problems of

user through computer
Enables the end users to accomplish certain specific
tasks

APPLICATION

WORD PROCESSING SPREADSHEET

DATABASE
GRAPHICS COMMUNICATION
MANAGEMENT
APPLICATION SOFTWARES
Word Used to create and to edit documents such as letters, reports,
Processing essays etc. It provides several features for document editing and
formatting.
Spreadsheet Used to store and process data in an electronic sheet having
columns and rows. It is used for business application such as for
performing financial calculations and recording transactions
Database Used to create and manage databases. It stores and
Management manages records in databases. These records can be
accessed very quickly when required
Presentation : Used to create slides for making presentations. It has pre-drawn
clip art images, which can be inserted into slides and can be
modified
Communication Used to exchange information electronically. It sends and
receives information on the Internet. It allows for sending and
receiving faxes directly
MIS. Hardware & Software
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Forms of Application Software

Retail

It includes expensive packaging designed to catch the eye of shoppers

OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer and refers to software sold in bulk to resellers

Shareware

User is allowed to try the program for free, for a period stipulated in the license

Cripple-ware

Key features will cease to work after the trial period has ended

Demo

mainly designed to demonstrate what a purchased version is capable of doing

Forms of Application Software
continued…

Adware

Free software that is supported by advertisements built into the program itself

Spyware

Free, but can be shareware and sends data back to the creator

Freeware

Downloadable off the Internet and free of charge

Commercial use requires a paid license

Public Domain Software

Free, but does not have a specific copyright owner or license restrictions

Can be legally modified by the user for his or her purposes.

 LATEST Printers

HP LaserJet P2055DN Mono Laser Printer

Features

Print fast, at up to 35 pages per minute

Compact design
Spend less time waiting for documents
Print complex documents with text, images, and graphics
Save paper with the automatic two-sided printing
Multipurpose tray for papers
Print a wide range of items in various sizes
Connect multiple users via the integrated 10/100 Ethernet/Fast
Ethernet networking
 LATEST printers

HP LaserJet P3015DN Black and White Laser Printer

Features

• Print complex documents

• Use less paper with the automatic two-sided printing
• Print on different media types and sizes, including labels,
envelopes, transparencies, and card stock, with the
adjustable paper trays
• Spend less time waiting for documents
• You'll get speeds of up to 42 pages/min (letter)
• Save energy
• Get walk-up USB printing that supports common PDF,
PRN, and PS file extension via the printer's front-panel
host USB 2.0 port
 LATEST printers

Brother MFC-7840W Mono Laser Printer

Features

Print and copy speeds of up to 23 pages per minute

A quick and easy way to copy, fax or scan multi-page documents.
Features a 250-sheet capacity paper tray adjustable for letter or
legal size paper
Wireless, Ethernet, and USB interfaces
32 MB standard memory
Use the document glass to scan pages directly to your e-mail
application or to a single PDF
THANK YOU……