AD-HOC NETWORK

Ad-hoc network
• An ad-hoc (or "spontaneous") network is a local area network or other small
network, especially one with wireless or temporary plug-in connections, in
which some of the network devices are part of the network only for the
duration of a communications session. for example, the proposed Bluetooth
technology in which devices communicate with the computer and perhaps
other devices using wireless transmission.
• Ad hoc networks are a new paradigm of wireless communication for mobile
hosts (which we call nodes).
• Ad hoc is a network connection method which is most often associated with
wireless devices. The connection is established for the duration of one
session and requires no base station.
• Connections are possible over multiple nodes (multihop ad hoc network).
Routing protocols then provide stable connections even if nodes are moving
around. Sony's PlayStation Portable uses ad hoc connections for wireless
multiplayer gaming
 Creating Ad-hoc Network
• Creating

• To create a new ad hoc network open Control Panel then Network

Connections, or double click on the wireless icon in the system tray (by the
clock).
• Click on the Wireless Network tab
then the add button.
• A new window will
appear.  Give your
network a name, and
check the two boxes near
the bottom

• Click OK to close that

window and OK again.  If
you try to View Wireless
Networks, your changes
may not be saved, so
make sure to click OK
first.

Your ad hoc network is all

set up now!
• Connecting
• Open Network Connections (via
Control Panel or the wireless icon)
and select View Wireless
Networks.  The following window
will appear.
• You should see the ad hoc
network as a computer-to-
computer network.  You may have
to refresh the list.
Click on the network then the
Connect button near the bottom. 
It may take a minute or two to
aquire a network address.

If you don't see your network, you

may have to change settings to
only connect to ad hoc networks.
Click on Change advanced
settings.  On the new window,
click on the Wireless Networks
tab, then advanced.
• Select the third radio
button and click
Close, then OK.
Open Network
Connections again,
and follow the steps
above to connect to
the network
 Securing Ad Hoc Networks
• Security is an important issue for ad hoc networks, especially for
those security-sensitive applications. To secure an ad hoc network,
we consider the following attributes:
• availability, confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-
repudiation
• Availability ensures the survivability of network services despite
denial of service attacks. A denial of service attack could be
launched at any layer of an ad hoc network.
• Confidentiality ensures that certain information is never disclosed to
unauthorized entities.
• Integrity guarantees that a message being transferred is never
corrupted.
• Authentication enables a node to ensure the identity of the peer
node it is communicating with.
• Finally, non-repudiation ensures that the origin of a message cannot
deny having sent the message.
 Scope and roadmap
• Traditional security mechanisms, such as authentication protocols,
digital signature, and encryption are not sufficient by themselves.
• Further rely on the following two principles. First, we take advantage
of redundancies in the network topology (i.e., multiple routes
between nodes) to achieve availability. The second principle is
distribution of trust. Although no single node is trustworthy in an ad
hoc network because of low physical security and availability, we
can distribute trust to an aggregation of nodes.
• Secure Routing : To achieve availability, routing protocols should be
robust against both dynamically changing topology and malicious
attacks
• Key Management Service : employs cryptographic schemes, such
as digital signatures, to protect both routing information and data
traffic. Use of such schemes usually requires a key management
service.We adopt a public key infrastructure because of its
superiority in distributing keys and in achieving integrity and non-
repudiation
 Mobile ad-hoc network
• A mobile ad-hoc network (MANet) is a kind of Wireless AdHoc Network ,
and is a self-configuring network of mobile routers (and associated hosts)
connected by wireless links
• Mobile ad hoc networks became a popular subject for research as laptops
and 802.11/Wi-Fi wireless networking became widespread in the mid to late
1990s
• Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) are a form of MANets used for
communication among vehicles and between vehicles and roadside
equipment.
• Intelligent Vehicular AdHoc Network (InVANET) is a kind of Intelligence in
Vehicle(s) which provide multiple autonomic intelligent solutions to make
automotive vehicles to behave in intelligent manner during vehicle-to-vehicle
collisions, accidents, drunken driving etc.
• InVANET uses WiFi IEEE 802.11 b/802.11g/802.11p and WiMAX IEEE
802.16 for providing easy, accurate, effective communication between
multiple vehicles on dynamic mobility.
• InVANET can also be applied for artillery vehicles during warfare /
Battlefield / Peace operations.
 Wireless ad hoc network

• A wireless ad hoc network is a decentralized

wireless network .
• The network is ad hoc because each node is
willing to forward data for other nodes, and so
the determination of which nodes forward data is
made dynamically based on the network
connectivity.
• The earliest wireless ad hoc networks were the
"packet radio" networks (PRNETs) from the
1970s, sponsored by DARPA .
 Application
• The decentralized nature of wireless ad hoc networks makes them
suitable for a variety of applications where central nodes cannot be
relied on, and may improve the scalability of wireless ad hoc
networks.
• Minimal configuration and quick deployment make ad hoc networks
suitable for emergency situations like natural disasters or military
conflicts.
• The presence of a dynamic and adaptive routing protocol will enable
ad hoc networks to be formed quickly

• Wireless ad hoc networks can be further classified by their

application:
• mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs)
• wireless mesh networks
• wireless sensor networks.
 Ad Hoc Wireless Network
Diagram
• Common layout for WiFi-based home
networks
• This diagram illustrates use of a so-called
ad hoc wireless setup in a home network
• Wireless Home Network Diagram
Featuring Ad Hoc Wi-Fi Connections
• Key Considerations - Using ad hoc Wi-
Fi mode eliminates the need for a
network router or access point in a
wireless home network. With ad hoc
wireless, you can network computers
together as needed without needing to be
in reach of one central location.
• Limitations :Because of their more
flexible design, ad hoc Wi-Fi networks
are also more difficult to keep secure
than those using central wireless
routers / access points.
• Ad hoc Wi-Fi networks support a
maximum of 11 Mbps bandwidth, while
other Wi-Fi networks may support 54
Mbps or higher.
 B.A.T.M.A.N.
• The Better Approach To Mobile Adhoc Networking, or
B.A.T.M.A.N., is a routing protocol which is currently under
development by the “Freifunk”-Community.
• B.A.T.M.A.N.'s crucial point is the decentralization of the knowledge
about the best route through the network - no single node has all the
data .
• The individual node only saves information about the “direction” it
received data from and sends its data accordingly. Hereby the data
gets passed on from node to node and packages get individual,
dynamically created routes. A network of collective intelligence is
created.
• B.A.T.M.A.N. nodes and finds the best way (route) to these. It also
keeps track of new nodes and informs its neighbors about their
existence.
THANK YOU