Communication Network

Sonam jain
Neha agrawal
Suruchi jain
Prachi pandiliwal
Viral badjatya
Centralized Networks

 One central person

 Unequal access to information

 Central person is at the

“crossroads” of the information flow
Decentralized Networks

 Information can flow freely

 No central person

 All members play an equal role in

the transmittal of information
Communication Networks
Network Performance
Formal Communication
 the process of sharing official information with
others who need to know it,
 according to the prescribed patterns depicted in
an organization chart
 “A presentation or written piece that
strictly adheres to rules, conventions, and
ceremony, and is free of colloquial
expressions.”
 It connotes the flow of the data by the
lines of authority formally acknowledged
in the enterprise and its members are
likely to communicate with one another
strictly as per channels constituted in the
structure.
 Formal Communication
President

Instructions and directives

Information

Vice Vice
President President

Manager Manager Manager Manager

Efforts at coordination
Formal Communication
Downward communication:(information flowing from the
top of the organisational level)
 instructions, directions, orders
 Feedback
 Warning & notices
 Policies & procedures

Upward communication:(information flowing from

subordinate to superior or from employee to employer)
 data required to complete projects
 status reports
 suggestions for improvement, new ideas

Horizontal communication:(information flow between the

person of same hirearcial level)
 Solving problems
 Improve work quality
Merits:-
 Advantages:
1. It is systematic and orderly flow of
ideas.
2. the source of communication can be
easily located.
3. It provides support to authority of
supervisor over subbordinate.
4. It facilitates control.
Demerits:-
 Disadvantages:
1. It is slow moving since it flows through the
scalar chain of command.
2. It is impersonal i.e. personal warmth and
involvement are lacking.
3. sometimes accurate information may be
with held due to likelihood of unfavourable
effects or to avoid criticism.
Informal Communication

 A casual discussion, verbal exchange,

note, or memorandum that may adhere
less strictly to rules and conventions.
 Deviation from the planned
communication structure.
 It follow no rigid rules & guidlines.
 It has no boundaries of time place or
even subject.
 It may also be called as grapevine.
 Informal Networks E C
K
H
Y G I
X
F B D
J
D E
G
J
D F H I B I
C C A
B J Probability
B A K D
Gossip C F
A Cluster A
Chain
“Grapevine“

1. a secret means of spreading or

receiving information
2. the informal transmission of (unofficial)
information, gossip or rumor from
person-to-person
3. a rumor: unfounded report; hearsa
4. a usually unrevealed source of
confidential information.
Grapevine Characteristics
 oral  mostly undocumented
 open to change
 fast (hours instead of days)
 crossing organizational boundaries
 inaccuracy:
 levelling
deletion of crucial details
 sharpening
exaggeration of the most dramatic details

while the grapevine generally carries the

truth it seldom carries the whole truth
Grapevine Figures
 70% of all organizational communication
occurs at the grapevine level
 estimated accuracy rates: 75-90%
 the incorrect part might change the meaning
of the whole message though
 an estimated 80% of grapevine information is
oriented toward the individual while 20%
concerns the company
Positive Aspects of the
Grapevine
 social function
 reduction of anxiety
 release mechanism for stress
 identification of pending problems
 early warning system for
organizational change
 vehicle for creating a common
organizational culture
 desired information can be
circulated quickly to a large group of
subordinates (inofficially!)
Negative aspects of
grapevine
 The grapevine carries partial information
because it is more based on rumors.
 It is not trustworthy always because it
does not follow official path of
communication.
 The productivity of the organisation may
be hampered because the employee
spend more time on talking rather then
working.
Formal Media Informal
Media
 Letters  Face-to-face
 Flyers and bulletins discussions
 Memos  Telephone
 Faxes  Voice messaging
 All-employees mailings (voice mail)
 Employees Handbook  E-mail
 Formal meeting  Instant messaging
 Company‘s newsletter (chat)