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6 Counting numbers are known as natural
numbers.
6 Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, ...,etc.,are all
natural numbers.
6 ‘ll natural numbers together with 0 form the
collection of all whole numbers.
6 Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, ...,etc.,are all
whole numbers.
6 Every natural number is a whole number.
6 0 is a whole number which is not a natural
number.
6 ‘ll natural numbers, 0 and negatives of
natural numbers form the collection of all
integers.
6 Thus, ..., -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5,...,etc., are all integers.
6 Every natural number is an integer.
6 Every whole number is an integer.
6‘ rational number is a number that can be
expressed as a fraction p/q where p and q
are integers and q0, are known as rational
number.
6 0 is a rational number, since we can write, 0
= 0/1
6 Every natural number is a rational number,
since we can write, 1=1/1, 2=2/1, 3=3/1,
etc.
6 Every integer is a rational number.
6‘ rational number p/q is said to be in
simplest form, if p and q are integers having
no common factor other than 1 and q0.
6 Thus, the simplest form of each of 2/4, 3/6,
4/8, 5/10, etc., is ½.
6 Every rational number is expressible either as
a terminating decimal or as a repeating
decimal.
6 Every terminating decimal is a rational
number.
6 Every repeating decimal is a rational number.
6‘ number which can neither be expressed as
a termnating decimal nor as a repeating
decimal, is called an irrational numbers.
6 w
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6 TYPE - I
6 Clearly, 0.01001000100001... is a
nonterminating and non repeating decimals
and therefore, it is irrational.
6 TYPE ² II
6 If m is a positive interger which is not a
perfect square, then ¥m is irrational.
6 Thus ¥2, ¥3, ¥5, ¥6, ¥7, etc., are all
irrational numbers.
6 The Number š: š is a number whose exact
value is not 22/7.
6 In fact š has a value which is
nonterminating and non repeating.
6 So, š is irrational, while 22/7 is rational.
6 Terminating Decimal
6 Every fraction p/q can be expressed as a
decimal.If the decimal expression of p/q
terminates, i.e., comes to an end, then the
decimal so obtained is called a terminating
decimal.
6 Examples
6 ¼=0.25
6 5/8=0.625
6 2 &3/5=2.6
6‘ decimal in which a digit or a set of digits
repeats periodically, is called a repeating or
recurring decimal.
6 In a recurring decimal, we place a bar over
the first block of the repeating part and omit
the other repeating blocks.
6 Examples
6 2/3=0.666...=0.6
6 3/11=0.272727...=2.142857
6 11/6=1.8333...=1.83
6‘ number whose square is non-negative, is
called a real number.In fact, all rational and
all irrationalnumbers form the collection of
all real number.
6 Every real number is either rational or
irrational.
6 Closure property-The product of two real
numbers is always a real number.
6 ‘ssociative law- (a+b)+c=a+(b+c) for all real
numbers a, b, c.
6 Commutative law- a+b=b+a for all real
numbers a & b.
6 Existence of ‘dditive Identity-Clearly, 0 is a
real number such that 0+a=a+0=a for every
real number a. 0 is called the additive
identity for real numbers.
6 Existenceof ‘dditive Inverse-For each real
number a, there exists a real number(-a)
such that a+(-a)=(-a)+a=0.
a and (-a) are called the additive inverse (or
negative) of each other.
6 Closure Property-The product of two real
numbers is always a real number.
6 ‘ssociate Property- (ab)c=a(bc) for all real
numbers a, b, c.
6 Commutative Law- ab=ba for all real
numbers a and b.
6 Suppose we are given a number whose
denominator is irrational.Then, the process
of converting its denominator to a rational
number by multiplying its numerator and
denominator by a suitable number, is called
rationalisation.