Next Generation Networks (NGN) : (Introduction and Overview of NGN)

Next Generation Networks (NGN)
(Introduction and Overview of NGN)
1
According to ITU-T NGN is defined as
Next Generation Networks NGN
− Background Of Telecommunication Network ?
− Limitations of Conventional Network
− What is Next Generation Network (NGN) ?
− Comparison of TDM Switches in Legacy Network and

Soft switches in NGN
− Migration to NGN
Background Of Telecommunication Network ?
Building Blocks of Legacy Telecommunication Network
− Three layered Telecommunication Network Model
− Building Blocks of Legacy Telecommunication Network
 Access Networks
 Switching Networks
 Transmission Networks
 Signaling Networks
 Services Network (Intelligent Network I Platform)
 Management Networks
 Limited Data traffic Handling Network
 A few more…..
− High Data Traffic Handling in Legacy Telecommunication Network

Three layered Telecommunication Network Model
1. Access Layer
2. Switching and Services Layer (Core Layer)
3. Transmission Layer
Three layered Telecommunication Network Model
1 Access Layer
• Represents the networks which link the customers to the Switching and Services Layer (Access Switch / Local switch)
• Also called “Subscriber Loop”
2 Switching and Services Layer (Core Layer)
• Consists of all the Switching Nodes / Switches Centers

• Local , Tandem ,Transit , International Gateway Switches etc.
3 Transmission Layer
• Represents the links among the switching Nodes and provides the medium and systems to carry the information from
one node to the other.
• Also called Junctions or Trunks
• Multiplexing Techniques are used
 Access Networks
 Services Network (Intelligent Network IN Platform)
 A few more…..

Building Blocks of Legacy Telecommunication Network _Access Networks
− The speech circuit for a telephone call between two subscribers uses
three networks
 Access Network of Party A
 The Switching network via a number of nodes (Local exchange, Transit

Exchange , International Gateway Exchange)
 Access Network of Party B

Building Blocks of Legacy Telecommunication Network _ Switching Networks
− The Switching Network is organized in to a number of hierarchal

levels e.g
 Class 4 Transit Layer (Transit Exchange)
 Class 5 (Local Exchange subscriber directly connected )

Building Blocks of Legacy Telecommunication Network_ Access Networks and
Switching Networks
Building Blocks of Legacy Telecommunication Network _
Switching Networks
− Need for switching

 Switching is an essential component
• Of Telephone, Data-processing, and other technologies
• in which it is necessary to deal rapidly with large amounts of
information.
 Switching may be
• Circuit Switching
• Packet Switching
Switching Networks
− Need for switching
 Switching Equipment and techniques

• Connects the calling party with the called party
• Enables any station in a communications system to be

connected with any other station.
• Involves the use of one or more switches.
• The controlling or routing of signals in circuits to transmit data

between specific points in a network
Switching Networks
− Imagine point to point lines between persons
No. of persons No. of lines
2 1
3 3
10 45
100 4950
1000 0.5 million
− In general, for n persons No. of lines = n(n-1) /2
Need for Switching

Switching Networks
Switching Networks
Amir Mubashir
Asi
f
Switch Zia
Abid
Umar
Khalid
− Lines or wires from everybody's house go into the switch
− When a call is placed, the switch creates a temporary link between these lines.
− “Switching Fabrics” allow these calls to be established and removed
Need for Switching

Switching Networks
− Switching Technologies
1. Circuit Switching
2. Packet Switching
Switching Networks
− Circuit Switching
 Need a connection establishment between nodes.
 Connection is maintained until one of end nodes terminates.
 Connection is dedicated to the communication between two nodes.
 Reduces the number and the total length of the links
 Example : Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

Switching Networks
 Circuit Switch
• A device with n inputs and m outputs
• Creates a temporary connection between an input link and an output link
Building Blocks of Telecommunication Network Access Networks and
Switched Networks
• Three phases of Circuit-Switched Connection

 Circuit establishment
 Data transfer
 Circuit disconnect.
Switching Networks
− Circuit establishment
 A dedicated circuit must be connected.
− Data transfer
 Once the circuit has been "nailed up", transmission can begin.
− Circuit disconnect
 When the transmission is complete, the circuit is released for the
next transmission.
Switching Networks
PSTN/ Conventional Network

Switching Networks
end office
subscriber loop
Long-distance office
Inter-city trunk subscriber loop (local loop)

link between subscriber and network
connecting trunk (exchanges)

switching center
Inter-city trunk (trunks)

branches between exchanges; carry
connecting trunk multiple voice circuits
Circuit Switching
Building Blocks of Telecommunication Network Access Networks and
Switched Networks
− Packet Switching
 Data are transmitted in short messages called packets.
 Connection between the two end-nodes is not maintained.
 Node-to-node link can be dynamically shared by many packets.
 Examples : Public switched Data Network (PSDN) like X.25,

Frame Relay.
Switching Networks
 Telephone companies normally provide a public data service.
 PSDN is designed specifically for the transmission of data rather than voice.
 Communication is shared between many companies.
 The cost of this service is normally lower than a leased line.
PSDN= Public Switched Data Network

LAN
LAN PSDN
LAN
Packet Switching
Switching Networks
Keys Circuit switching Packet switching
Data Dedicated single route Different routes
Connection Dedicated Shared
Resources Utilization Poor Good
Data rate Fixed Vary
Prioritization No support Support
Path / Node status Before sending data establishes a path Send data immediately
Others No reordering , constant delay, no Packets may be reordered,

packet drops delayed, or dropped
Circuit versus Packet Switching

Switching Networks
Circuit versus Packet Switching

Transmission Networks
− Transmission Network interconnects the Switching

Networks
− Techniques used are

 PDH (Plesiochronous Digital hierarchy)
 SDH (Synchronous Digital hierarchy )
 SONET (Synchronous Optical Network)
• USA equivalent to SDH
Building Blocks of Telecommunication Network _Transmission
Networks
Signaling Networks
− Signalling Network consists of
 Signalling Transfer Points (STPs)

• Act like Routers
 Switching Points (SPs)/ Service switching Points (SSPs)

• Termination Points
• Located in Exchanges
• Provides Signalling Interfaces
Building Blocks of Telecommunication Network _Signalling Networks
Building Blocks of Legacy Telecommunication Network _ Services Network
(Intelligent Network IN Platform)
− Service Control Point (SCP)
 Services Platform
 Based on Concept of Centralizing Service Logic and data in a node
 SCP linked in network Via SS7 Network
− Special Resource Point (SRP)

− Provides all the required announcement and IVR (Interactive Voice Response )
capabilities needed to support voice services
Building Blocks of Legacy Telecommunication Network _ Services Network
(Intelligent Network IN Platform)
Building Blocks of Legacy Telecommunication Network _ Management Network
− Management Network Operates

 Access Network
 Transmission Network
 Switching Network
 Signalling Network
 Services Network etc.
− Management Network enables the operator to

 Configure the network
 Handle charging
 Handle services
 Rectify the faults and failures of networks
 In Short FCAPS
Configuration
Security Management
Management
Fault Performance
Management Management
Account
Management
• Management Network , also known as a “Manager of Managers (MOM)”, may receive alarms and alerts
from multiple Element Management Systems (EMSs)
• EMS manages one or more specific intelligent network elements (NEs)
• N Es are devices of the same type and generally of the same manufacturer
35
Subset of the FCAPS functionality
Fault Configuration Accounting Performance Security

Management Management Management Management Management
Alarm Handling System turn-up Data Collection
Track service Control NE
Usage Access
Trouble Detection Bill for services Report generation

Network Enable NE
Provisioning Functions
Auto discovery Data Analysis Access Logs

Trouble
Correction
Test and Back up and

Acceptance Restore
Network Recovery
Database
Handling
36
 Access Networks
 A few more…..

Building Blocks of Legacy Telecommunication Network _ Limited
Data traffic Handling Network
− Conventional Network initially designed for telephony

traffic only
− Required to support data traffic
− Bottlenecks
 Limited data rates
 Congestion of Network
Building Blocks of Legacy Telecommunication Network _ Limited
Data traffic Handling Network
 Access Networks
 A few more…..

High Data Traffic Handling in Legacy Telecommunication Network
− Internet Calls can be offloaded

 Off load involves routing internet calls from PSTN to an
IP Network
− Asymmetric Digital subscriber Line (ADSL)
− Equipment added
 Digital Subscriber Line Multiplexer (DSLAM)
 Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS)or BAS
(Broadband Access Server
• Routes internet calls to internet network
High Data Traffic Handling in Legacy Telecommunication Network
− What is an Next Generation Network NGN ?

Soft switches in (NGN)
Limitations of Conventional Network
Limitations of Conventional Network
− Switches are aged .Legacy Switch is designed for Speech . Data

Traffic is increasing day by day. Networks are going to be complex
and need to be consolidated
And…
− I want to protect existing SDH transmission investment
− I want to keep current access layer architecture
What shall I do?
46
NGN is Ready Now
− NGN will fully replace the TDM network owing :

 technical advances
 cost savings
 long term revenue generation
− The market and technology is mature for the

large scale deployment of NGN
− Many operators are taking positive actions

47
NGN is Ready Now
Competitive NGN Standardization of More and more commercial

equipment price NGN protocols NGN applications worldwide
Maturity and Openness of Settlement of More successful

NGN services QoS/Security problems interoperability test
48
− What is an Next Generation Network NGN ?

Soft switches in (NGN)
What is Next Generation Network NGN ?
What is NGN ?
What is NGN ?
What is NGN ?
− NGN is based on standard protocols and packet switching network
− In broad sense
− NGN refers to integrated network that adopts new technologies extensively, focuses on
IP, and provides voice, data, and multimedia service at the same time.
− In narrow sense
− NGN refers to the Open , Integrated and Distributed network that employs soft switch at
the control layer

− What is Next Generation Network NGN ?
− Comparison of TDM Switches in Legacy Network

and Soft switches in (NGN)
Comparison of TDM Switches in Legacy Network and Soft
switches in Next Generation Network
55
Comparison of Circuit switching in TDM Switch Model and Packet
switching in NGN Model
TDM Switch Model NGN Model
Intelligent Management
Network system
Management Expanded
system services
SS7
Billing
system Billing system Signaling
Gateway
Call
control
Standard Soft switch Standard
protocol protocol
S Other S
u u
b TDM TDM b IP
IP
s switch s T
D
c Switches c Packet M
r r
i i
Access Trunk
b b TMG
Card Card AMG
e e
r r AMG Access Media Gateways
s s TMG Trunk Media Gateways
Comparison of Circuit switching in TDM Switch Model
and Packet switching in NGN Model
− TDM Switch Model
− Everything in One Box
− Difficult to maintain and expand
− No open architecture
− NGN Model
− Call control/hardware ports separated
− Open architecture
− Easy to add new services
− Modular Design
57
Comparison of Circuit switching in TDM Switch Model and Packet switching in
NGN Model
Intelligent Network (SCP)
SoftSwitch Expanded Services

CPU
Switching Array Signaling

IP Core Module
Signaling
Gateway
Trunk Module User

Access Module
Trunk Media Access Media

Gateways Gateway
− What is Next Generation Network NGN ?

Soft switches in NGN
Migration to Next Generation Network (NGN)
60
Migration to NGN
Cost Reduction Revenue Increasing Smooth Migration
 Replaces aged equipment  Convergent services  Step by step migration

of voice, data & video
 Simplifies network  Smooth integration
 New value-added
 reduces O&M cost services such as  Investment protected
CRBT/UM/UPT etc
 Voice, Data & Video
 Fast & cost-effective service in one platform
services provisioning to
market
Revenue CAPEX OPEX

CAPEX OPEX
(Capital Expenditure) (Operation Expenditure)
61
Today Carriers’ Concerns
Migration to NGN
− Phase-I Of Migration
 Replacement of International Gateway and Transit Exchanges
(Class 4) by Trunk Media Gateways of NGN
 Trunk Media Gateways are Controlled by Soft switch
 The Conventional Network and NGN interconnected at two levels
• Media plane by Trunk Media Gateway (TMG)
• Signalling plane via Signaling Gateway (SG)

Migration to NGN
Expanded Services
/ Application Server
PSTN PSTN SS7

SS7 Soft switch
SS7 Link
E1
E1 SS7 Link City B
City A TMG SG
SG TMG
IP/ATM Network
TMG SG
City C SG TMG City D
SS7 Link
SS7 Link E1 E1
SS7 PSTN SS7

PSTN
CLASS 4 ( In Transit Layer ) 63

Migration to NGN
Gateways allow PCs to

Public Switched also reach phones
Telephone Network
PSTN
Initially, PC to PC voice
calls over the Internet Gateway for Media &
Signaling
TMG
Multimedia
PC
Gateway for Media & IP Network
Signaling TMG
Multimedia
PC
PSTN …or phones to reach

phones
Migration to NGN
IP Telephony Model
SS7 SS7
SG SG
ol
St
oc
a nd
ot
ar
Pr
d
Pr
rd
ot
da
oc
an
ol
St
PSTN Soft switch PSTN
ol
Node Node
oc
St
ot
an
Pr
da
rd
d
ar
Pr
nd
ot
a
oc
St
l o
Standard Protocol
PSTN
MG MG
PSTN
Trunks Trunks
IP Network
Migration to NGN
Migration to NGN:Class-4
Migration to NGN
− Phase-II Of Migration
 Replacement of all Exchanges including Local exchanges by

Access Gateways
 Access Gateways are controlled by Soft switches

Migration to NGN
Migration to NGN:Class-5
Migration to NGN
SS7 PSTN
Soft switch Soft switch PSTN SS7
SS7 Link SS7 Link
City A
E1 E1 City B
TMG SG
SG TMG
CLASS 4 CLASS 4
Packet Network
AMG
Switch IAD IAD AMG
PC-Phone Video Phone IP Phone

SOHO Community
Large Enterprise
69
CLASS 5
Any comments or
questions?
Thank you !
70

Next Generation Networks (NGN) : (Introduction and Overview of NGN)

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Next Generation Networks (NGN)

(Introduction and Overview of NGN)

− Background Of Telecommunication Network ?

− Limitations of Conventional Network

− What is Next Generation Network (NGN) ?

− Comparison of TDM Switches in Legacy Network and

− Three layered Telecommunication Network Model

− Building Blocks of Legacy Telecommunication Network

− High Data Traffic Handling in Legacy Telecommunication Network

2. Switching and Services Layer (Core Layer)

2 Switching and Services Layer (Core Layer)

• Consists of all the Switching Nodes / Switches Centers

− Three layered Telecommunication Network Model

− Building Blocks of Legacy Telecommunication Network

− High Data Traffic Handling in Legacy Telecommunication Network

 Access Network of Party A

 The Switching network via a number of nodes (Local exchange, Transit

 Access Network of Party B

− The Switching Network is organized in to a number of hierarchal

 Class 4 Transit Layer (Transit Exchange)

 Class 5 (Local Exchange subscriber directly connected )

− Need for switching

 Switching Equipment and techniques

• Enables any station in a communications system to be

• Involves the use of one or more switches.

• The controlling or routing of signals in circuits to transmit data

No. of persons No. of lines

− In general, for n persons No. of lines = n(n-1) /2

Need for Switching

Need for Switching

 Connection is maintained until one of end nodes terminates.

 Connection is dedicated to the communication between two nodes.

 Reduces the number and the total length of the links

 Example : Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

• Three phases of Circuit-Switched Connection

PSTN/ Conventional Network

Inter-city trunk subscriber loop (local loop)

connecting trunk (exchanges)

Inter-city trunk (trunks)

 Connection between the two end-nodes is not maintained.

 Node-to-node link can be dynamically shared by many packets.

 Examples : Public switched Data Network (PSDN) like X.25,

PSDN= Public Switched Data Network

Data Dedicated single route Different routes

Connection Dedicated Shared

Resources Utilization Poor Good

Data rate Fixed Vary

Prioritization No support Support

Others No reordering , constant delay, no Packets may be reordered,

Circuit versus Packet Switching

Circuit versus Packet Switching

− Transmission Network interconnects the Switching

− Techniques used are

− Signalling Network consists of

 Signalling Transfer Points (STPs)

 Switching Points (SPs)/ Service switching Points (SSPs)

− Service Control Point (SCP)

 Based on Concept of Centralizing Service Logic and data in a node

 SCP linked in network Via SS7 Network

− Special Resource Point (SRP)

− Management Network Operates

− Management Network enables the operator to