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‡ HAL was established as Ô

  

 in
Bangalore in 1940 by Walchand Hirachand .

‡ Establishment of   
 

 
 

 in 1960.

‡ Establishment of 
  
     in 1962.

‡ Formation of Ô


     Ô) in

1964 by merger of all three companies
 Ê

 Ê


‡ 19 Production Units and 9 Research and Design Centers

‡ j types of aircraft manufactured with in-house R & D

and j
types produced under license.

‡ manufactured     

,  

 and
overhauled over j   
 and  

.
Divisions  Ô
 





‡ Êstablished in 1970.
‡ Primary bjective - o manuacture systems and accessories
or various aircrats and engines and attain sel suiciency in
this area.
‡ Division Manuactures - Civil ircrats like vro, Dornier,
Cheetah, Cheatak & dvanced ight Ôelicopters(Ô &

-
30.
 m

 
 
 

 
£ a 2

£ 
 21.935 m

£ R

 14.7 m

£ Ô  6.36 m

£ R
  62.0 m²

CONT«
C.
£  !" 17,700 kg

£ #$%% !" O ,900 kg

£
$&$'#(( !" 38,800 kg

£
$&)*%"Mach O.35(O,500 km/h at 11,000m.

£ $+ "5,000 km (O,700 nmi

 m 


‡ ny heavy rotating mass can be called gyro .

‡  ,#*-# is a device or measuring or maintaining orientation, based on

the principles o conservation o angular momentum
 —

m 
‡ igidity:
‡ he axis o rotation (spin axis o the gyro wheel tends to remain in a ixed
direction in space i no orce is applied to it.

‡ Precession:
‡ he axis o rotation has a tendency to turn at a right angle to the direction
o an applied orce.
  
m 
here are three types o gyro:
‡ Mechanical rate gyro

‡ Piezoelectric gyro

‡ Micro electric mechanical system gyro

 m 
‡ he mechanical rate gyro uses an electric motor to spin a small disc or
lywheel .
‡ When the gyro was moved about the axis the spinning disc tilts and this
tilt is picked up electronically by a potentiometer.
  m 
‡ piezoelectric gyro which uses a quickly vibrating crystal. s the crystal
vibrates, an applied rotational orce will cause disturbances in it¶s wobble
which create a small, but measurable electric current proportional to the
rate at which the gyro is rotated.

‡ %.$+$ "

‡ More sensitive than mechanical gyro.

‡ -*$%.$+$ "

‡ they¶re very temperature sensitive and going rom hot to cold or vice versa
will cause them to act erratically.
 
Ê      

‡ MÊM
are molecule sized machines that are abricated on top o a piece o
silicon, along with the electronics to interace to them.

‡ hey vibrate at a high rate .

‡ s the gyro rotates, there is displacement o the mass and the signal is
generated by the gyro .
PÊ 
C    

‡ here are two type o gyro unctions

‡ $ ,#*:

‡ hey only sense the turn rate or the angular acceleration o the
aircrat.

‡ $%+ !#/% ,#*"

‡ hey keeps tracks o all turns and provide the inal orientation
rom the set position.
 ——!

‡ "

   — —  

‡ ÷  
 
‡                 



 

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 mm

‡ Consist o two parts:

X
ensing unit:
it uses a loat connected with the potentiometer.

X ndicator
indicate the level o uel.
 

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