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TECHNOLOGY
...even our finest
PROCESS people can’t
perform at their
best when the
Major determinants of product process is not
cost, schedule, and quality understood or
operating
SQAM Course, Proficience, IISc
“at its best.” 2
Why Focus on Process?
Process provides a constructive, high-leverage focus...
as opposed to a focus on people
increased productivity
Government
maintenance
continuous
Quantitatively
4 Process measured Managed
and controlled
Defined
3 Process characterized
for the organization
and is proactive
Managed
2 Process characterized for
projects and is often
reactive
Initial
1 Process unpredictable,
poorly controlled, and
reactive
5 Optimizing
4 Quantitatively Managed
3 Defined
2 Managed
1 Performed
0 Incomplete
3 represents
a higher level
2 of “maturity”
than this point
in a specific
1 process area
0
Process Area n
Process
Staged
Process improvement is
Continuous
Process improvement is
measured using maturity
measured using maturity measured using capability
levels. levels.
Maturity level is the Capability level is the
degree of process achievement of process
improvement across a improvement within an
predefined set of process individual process area.
areas. Process area capability
Organizational maturity pertains to the “maturity” of a
pertains to the “maturity” particular process across an
of a set of processes organization.
across an organization
SQAM Course, Proficience, IISc 28
Advantages of Each
Representation
Staged
Provides a roadmap for implementing
groups of process areas
sequencing of implementation
Continuous
Provides maximum flexibility for focusing on specific
process areas according to business goals and objectives
35% improvement
35
(median) 5:1
30
25
19% Productivity
20 (increase)
15 Time to market
10 (reduction)
5 Post-release
0 defect reports
(reduction)
Annual Medians
SQAM Course, Proficience, IISc 31
Benefits of Continuing
Process
Improvement
SEI Software CMM Level 5: For the Right Reasons*
Defects are now nearly all found and fixed before
testing begins.
Defects
escaping into the field have been reduced
from 11% to practically 0%.
Programs consistently reach customer satisfaction
and performance targets.
Peer reviews increase total project costs by 4%,
but reduced rework during testing by 31%.
R.O.I. is 7.75:1.
Systems Engineering SE
Software Engineering SW
Representations
Staged
Continuous
SE/SW Continuous
SE/SW/IPPD Staged
SE/SW/IPPD Continuous
SE/SW/IPPD/SS Staged
SE/SW/IPPD/SS Continuous
SW Staged
SW Continuous
CMMI-SE/SW CMMI-SE/SW
Staged Continuous
Organization of Process
Project Planning
Project Project Monitoring and Control
Management Supplier Agreement Management
Areas
Integrated Project Management(IPPD)
Integrated Supplier Management (SS)
Integrated Teaming (IPPD)
Risk Management
Quantitative Project Management
Support Configuration Management
Process and Product Quality Assurance
Measurement and Analysis
Causal Analysis and Resolution
Decision Analysis and Resolution
Organizational Environment for Integration (IPPD)
4
3
2
1
0
RM PP PMC etc
Process Area
Organization Process Focus Organization Process Focus
Organization Process Definition Organization Process Definition
Training Program Organizational Training
Integrated Software Mgmt Integrated Project Management
Risk Management
Software Product Engr Requirements Development
Technical Solution
Product Integration
Intergroup Coordination Verification
LEVEL 3 Peer Reviews Validation
DEFINED Decision Analysis and Resolution
Requirements Management Requirements Management
Software Project Planning Project Planning
Software Project Tracking & Oversight Project Monitoring and Control
Software Subcontract Mgmt Supplier Agreement Management
Software Quality Assurance Product & Process Quality Assurance
LEVEL 2 Software Configuration Mgmt Configuration Management
REPEATABLE Measurement and Analysis
49
Project Management
Process Areas
There are eight Project Management Process Areas.
Project Planning
Risk Management
GP1.1: Perform Base Practices
SP1.11: Estimate the Scope of the Project
SP1.21: Establish Estimates of Work
Product and Task Attributes If all of the base practices are
SP1.31: Define Project Life Cycle performed,
SP1.41: Determine Estimates of Effort and
Cost Then, the associated Specific
SP2.11: Establish Budget and Schedule Goals and Generic Goal 1 are
SP2.21: Identify Project Risks satisfied,
SP2.31: Plan for Data Management
SP2.41: Plan for Project Resources
So, the Process Area is rated at
SP2.51: Plan for Needed Knowledge and
Capability Level 1 (CL1)
Skills
Performed.
SP2.61: Plan Stakeholder Involvement
SP2.71: Establish the Project Plan
SP3.11: Review Plans that Affect the
Project
SP3.21: Reconcile Work and Resource
SQAM Course, Proficience, IISc 51
Building Process
Capability Level 5
Generic
Optimizing
Process
Practices
Level 4 Quantitatively
Generic Managed
Practices Process
Level 3
Capability
Defined
Generic
Process
Practices
Level 2
Managed
Generic
Process
Practices
Performed
Process
Organizational Training
Organizational Process
Performance
Organizational Innovation and
Deployment SQAM Course, Proficience, IISc 56
Understanding Process
Management Process
Areas
Theprocess management PAs
apply across the organization as
a whole and provide details that
support the Capability Level 3
Generic Goal.
Forselected PAs, the
organization has standard
processes, which individual
projects tailor to their needs.
SQAM Course, Proficience, IISc 57
Process Areas Organized
by Category
Process Management
Organizational Process Focus
Organizational Process Definition
empower Organizational Training analyze
Organizational Process Performance
Organizational Innovation and Deployment
Engineering
Requirements Development
Requirements Management
employ Technical Solution measure & assist
Product Integration
Verification
Validation
SQAM Course, Proficience, IISc 58
Summary
There is one CMMI Model with two representations, Staged
and Continuous
The material in both representations is the same just
organized differently
Each representation provides different ways of implementing
processes
Equivalent Staging provides a mechanism for relating
Maturity Levels to Capability Levels
The CMMI model should be applied using intelligence,
common sense, and professional judgment
http://sei.cmu.edu/cmmi
Improvement using
CMMI Myths CMMI
Benefits of cmmi