What is database ?

A database is a collection of
information that's related to a
particular subject or purpose.
Some Examples
Telephone directory

Patients records in a
hospital
Examples contd….
Library Catalog
 Books Available.
 Members Information.
 Which Books with whom.

University Class Schedule

-Timetable
 Students have many
professors.
 Professors have many
students.
 Classes can be held in many
classrooms.
Database Purpose

Store

Sort
DATA

Retrieve
Without aid of computer
You're having to coordinate and organize yourself
If an STD-code number changes, you might have
to update that information in all places
More than 1 person needs to enter data at the same
time
You need to give certain people access to one view
of the data and other people to a different view
Contd…
Querying is difficult

Select all the people with brown hair, high blood

pressure, and younger than 37
Match all survey information with voting history for
400,000 people
Show all the purchases on a given day and add on
personal information for any people where we have the
information
If your database is stored on a computer
Any change in a particular data is automatically
updated wherever you use it in the database.
Querying very easy
define relationships, data types and many more….
 Basic Database Concepts
• Table Name: Ravi
– A set of related Department: Garden
records Tel: 2437766
• Record
– A collection of data Name: Ravi
Department: Garden
about an individual item Tel: 2437766
• Field
– A single item of data Name: Ravi
common to all records
Tables to Store and manage your data
How data is organized in tables?

A table is a collection of
data about a specific
topic.
Tables organize data into
columns (called fields)
and rows (called
records).
Data types
Data type for data integrity (field data type:
A characteristic of a field that determines
what kind of data it can store.
Applicable data types
Text
Byte
Integer
Long Integer
Single
Double
Decimal
The single table database
Definitions
 A database is a collection of stored operational data used
by various applications and/or users by some particular
enterprise or by a set of outside authorized applications and
authorized users
 A DataBase Management System (DBMS) is a software
system that manages execution of users applications to
access and modify database data so that the data security,
data integrity, and data reliability is guaranteed for each
application and each application is written with an
assumption that it is the only application active in the
database.