Master Thesis (Poster) Februray 2011

Universitt Stuttgart
MIP Masters Program Infrastructure Planning

HAZARD MITIGATION AND URBAN PLANNING

A Conceptual Discourse for Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Abul Baker Md. Touhid Supervisors:
Abstract
Geographic location and inherent characteristics of a city eventually are factors for making the city prone to hazards. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh is such a city which is prone to natural disasters. It has an elevation of 2-13 meters from the mean sea level (MSL). Urban part of it is ranging from 6 to 8 meters. This lower elevation compelled the city, particularly its low lying areas, to face flood water periodically. Recent climate change effect has potential impact on the city as well. Due to flammable building materials, sub-standard electric wiring, lack of adequate fire fighting and supporting facilities the city is also affected by fire frequently. At modern days, a city should not go ahead without tackling these two through appropriate measures. So, actions need to be taken. Researches need to be undertaken with great importance. In this milieu and as a matter of fact, this study has been undertaken to investigate relationship between hazards and various urban development models or approaches practiced in the city.

Prof.-Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop Prof.-Dr.-Ing. Antje Stokman

Objectives
The objectives of the study are to explore the implications of different urban development model on hazard impact, to investigate existing planning measures to mitigate hazards in Dhaka city and to provide policy recommendations for making Dhaka city resilient to hazard.

Discussion
Dhaka city does not have any specific hazard mitigation strategy or disaster management plan. Rather, it is maintained by the national disaster management plan having specific administrative components in the plan for Dhaka city.
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Water Map of Dhaka City

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Inundation Level during Flood 1998

Siddikbazar Sadarghat Postagola Lalbag

Scope of work

As sprawl development are in risky areas or prone to disaster, this type of development should be avoided in case of Dhaka city. Similarly high Polashi density compact development in hazardous areas is not expected due to 8% Mohammedpur chance of higher casualty. On the other hand, classical compact 9% Mirpur development is not possible because it requires high investment cost, a 7% Khilgaon prudent citizen group, and strong planning and policy agenda which are Baridhara not available at full extent in Dhaka city. So a concentration of 6% Kurmitola development within a poly centric structure in broader perspective is 1 0% 5% Tejgaon inevitable. And in the inner city, continuous infill or brown field 1 5% development needs to be encouraged with long term planning agenda that Station wise fire incidences in Dhaka city the city should have, as a whole, some centers of different scale which are Dhaka city has a master plan, but it did not put strappingly the issue of connected through improved mass transit system. These centers should all disasters except flooding, though little fraction of it purely practiced. have mixed type land use with high ecological value. It can have stand-alone hazard mitigation plan that, if tried, can be coordinated with its master plan. But expert opined that, the more Conclusion preferable planning option is to integrate hazard mitigation concepts and strategies into communitys existing master plan structure. It is evident that, a well planned hazard mitigation strategy is immensely Early warning needed at present for Dhaka city. The system Components of Hazard Components of Compact Factors/Actions Components of strategy could, however, be integrated Mitigation Strategy Development Compact Development with the existing framework of Dhaka River flooding Metropolitan Development Plan. The Land use restriction Land uses susceptible to Hazard identification in flood flow zone hazard occurrence model has been developed Risk reduction Zoning, building design Mixed Risk & vulnerability and construction materials incorporating all possible and related Structural measures Use assessment Building design, like embankments Climate change landscape planning actions and stakeholder. The model adaptation included components of recommended Efficient storm poly centric compact development and water network Risk reduction Affected number of High components of hazard mitigation. In Risk & vulnerability people Density High quality assessment between these two, there are some drainage Rainfall induced factors that bridged them. These flooding Natural drainage/Open Evacuation system factors are particularly important, Transport Transpor Risk reduction channel Emergency response Corridor t because they show the path to Corridor Early warning achieve a resilient city structure for system Dhaka. The model also depicts the Citizen awareness Risk & vulnerability possible actions particularly for flood Coping capacity of assessment Prudent Avoid mixing with people Preparedness and fire hazard. The policy-activity Citizen toxic industries Climate change matrix showed the sequential actions adaptation Fire resistant need to be taken by respective building structures Fire agencies in short-term, medium-term Trip behavior Risk reduction Building codes and long term basis. One thing should Trip rate Low CO Climate change Technological Emission adaptation be mentioned here that, strong political innovation Quality electric agenda and commitment is must for wiring system reducing hazards in the city and make Dhaka a resilient one. The Complex Model for Urban Hazard Mitigation for Dhaka City
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Flood resistant building structure with low density
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Hazard Mitigation Strategy

Poly-centric Compact Development