ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: UNLOCKING THE NEXT GENERATION COMPUTING

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
fThe branch of computer science concerned

with making computers behave or think like humans.

HISTORY OF AI
f In 1956 John McCarthy regarded as the father of AI,

organized a conference to draw the talent and expertise of others interested in machine intelligence for a month of brainstorming.The Dartmouth AI Conference brought about those involved in research in AI: John McCarthy (Dartmouth), Marvin Minsky (Harvard), Nathaniel Rochester (IBM), and Claude Shannon (Bell Telephone Lab) brought together researches in computers, natural language processing, and neuron nets to Dartmouth College.

HISTORY OF AI
fIn 1956, John McCarthy designed LISP, the

first AI programming language. fIn 1962, Tim Hart and Mike Levin implemented the first LISP compiler at MIT in 1962 for the IBM 704.

CURRENT SCENARIO IN AI
fCurrently, no computers exhibit full artificial

intelligence ; that is, are able to simulate human behavior. fThe greatest advances have occurred in the field of games playing. The best computer chess programs are now capable of beating humans. In May, 1997, an IBM super-computer called Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Gary Kasparov in a chess match.

CURRENT SCENARIO IN AI
fIn the area of robotics, computers are now widely

used in assembly plants, but they are capable only of very limited tasks. fCurrently, robots have great difficulty identifying objects based on appearance or feel, and they still move and handle objects clumsily.

CURRENT SCENARIO IN AI
fIn the early 1980s, expert systems were believed to

represent the future of artificial intelligence and of computers in general. fTo date, however, they have not lived up to expectations. Many expert systems help human experts in such fields as medicine and engineering, but they are very expensive to produce and are helpful only in special situations.

CURRENT SCENARIO IN AI
fToday, the hottest area of artificial intelligence is

neural networks, which are proving success in a number of disciplines such as voice recognition and natural-language processing.

MAJOR AREAS OF AI
Cognitive Science Expert Systems Learning Systems Fuzzy Logic Genetic Algorithms Neural Networks Intelligent Agents Robotics Visual Perception Tactility Dexterity Locomotion Navigation Natural Interface Natural Languages Speech Recognition Multisensory Interfaces Virtual Reality

COGNITIVE SCIENCE

COGNITIVE SCIENCE
fArea of AI based on research in biology,

neurology, psychology, mathematics, and allied disciplines. fFocus on how the human brain works and how humans think and learn.

EXPERT SYSTEM (ES)

fProvide decision support to end users in the

form of advice from an expert consultant in a specific problem area. fOne of the most practical and widely implemented applications of artificial intelligence in business.

APPLICATION OF EXPERT SYSTEMS

fDecision Management
fLoan portfolio analysis fEmployee performance evaluation fInsurance underwriting fDemographic forecasts

APPLICATION OF EXPERT SYSTEMS

fDiagnostic/Troubleshooting
fHelp desk operations fSoftware debugging fMedical diagnosis

APPLICATION OF EXPERT SYSTEMS

fMaintenance/scheduling
fMaintenance schedule fProduction scheduling fEducation scheduling fProject management

BENEFITS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS

fFaster and more consistent fHave the knowledge of several experts fDoes not get tired or distracted by

overwork or stress fPreserve and reproduce the knowledge of experts

LIMITATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS

fLimited focus fInability to learn fDifficult and costly to develop and maintain

properly

ROBOTICS

ROBOTICS
fThe science and technology of robots, their

design, manufacture, and application

TYPES OF ROBOT
fIndustrial Robot fDomestic Robot
fHumanoid

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOT

fCar production fPackaging fElectronics

APPLICATION OF DOMESTIC ROBOT

fAutomated fruit harvesting fIn the home fElder care

CAPABILITY OF A ROBOT
fPowers of sight, or visual perception fTactile capabilities, or touch fDexterity, or skill in handling and

manipulation fLocomotion, or the physical ability to move fNavigation, or the intelligence to properly find ones way to a destination

NATURAL INTERFACE

NATURAL INTERFACE
fConcern with the development of computer

interaction method that emulate that way human interact with each other. fEssential to the natural use of computers by humans.

NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP)

fA sub-area of artificial intelligence

concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) language. fMany problems within NLP apply to both generation and understanding of human language.

MAJOR APPLICATION OF NLP

fNatural Language understanding fOptical character recognition fSpeech recognition fText-to-speech fText simplification fText proofing fForeign language reading aid

SPEECH RECOGNITION
fThe process of converting an acoustic signal,

captured by a microphone or a telephone, to a set of words. fThe recognized words can be the final results, as for applications such as commands & control, data entry, and document preparation.

APPLICATION OF SPEECH RECOGNITION

fVoice Dialing fAppliance Control fSimple Data Entry fSpeech-to-Text processing

VIRTUAL REALITY
fComputer simulated reality

which allows us to interact with computer-simulated objects, entities, and environments as if they actually exists.

VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATION

f Scientific Experimentation f Flight simulation f Product demonstration f Employee training f Entertainment f Computer-aided design f Medical diagnostics and treatment