Tourism, Creativity & Regeneration

Introduction
y The phenomenon of urban regeneration has become

increasingly prominent on government agendas in recent years. y Regeneration lead to the redevelopment of the place as cities and towns. y Tourism , culture and also the creativity are the tools that being used to implemented this regeneration

Regeneration
y The department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) (2004) described regeneration as the positive transformation of a place- whether residential, commercial or open space that has previously displayed symptoms of physical, social and economic decline y Often viewed as revitalization (bringing new life) or renaissance (being reborn) y It is a process that s aim to revitalize areas of the city that have decline using a range of tools (e.g. property, business, retail or arts developments) to enhance the area physically, economically, socially or culturally.
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Regeneration
y Regeneration appeared to be driven initially by cluster

of artists and creative communities.

y E.g. New York City ( Bohemian Index and Gay index ) y The link between culture , creativity and new

technological encouraging economics growth.

Regeneration
y Have to consider the aspect of People Climate and

Business climate. y Standardization of architectural and attractions development. y Culture is one of the element in the regeneration process. y Culture can be defined as heritage, arts and creative industries as well as incorporating peoples everyday lifestyles (e.g. leisure, shopping, eating and drinking)
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Regeneration
y Step in regeneration 1. Local economy must be diversified and strengthened
2. 3.

Product development, diversification or enhancement Branding and image (unique of the product)

4. Positioning (competitors)

The Role of Culture in Urban Regeneration

y The role of culture in urban regeneration y Tool to enhance declining areas of cities (e.g. reused old building)
y Close links are maintained with the history and heritage

of place and local communities.

y Culture become a commodity to be packaged and sell

much like any other

The Role of Culture in Urban Regeneration

y Examples of culture-led regeneration y Cultural and Ethnic quarters y Mixed used development areas for entertainment facilities, retail outlets, eating and drinking places and cultural venues (e.g. China Town, Little India and Little Italies) y The arts , festivals and community development y This strategies would serve to reconstruct cities external images, making them attractive to potential investors and visitors. Boost the local economy through art-related activities
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The Role of Culture in Urban Regeneration

y The heritagisation of urban space y Using the heritage place and site as a tool for regeneration. y The reuse of heritage buildings (e.g. former factories and railways station) for modern purpose y Grand Projects and Flagships y Developments of new culture attractions such a museums, galleries or theaters or culture events such as festivals and exhibitions y Become a host for mega- events.
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The Role of Culture in Urban Regeneration

y Waterfront development schemes y Mixed-used development, combining residences, recreational and cultural developments y Mostly the place will be occupied by the strangers to the city (e.g. urban professional suburban communities and tourists)

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The Main Principle of a Cultural Planning Approach to Urban Regeneration

Culture at the centre of and integral to planning Democratic and community-orientated Bottom-up approach Pluralist, multi-stakeholder approach Predominantly anthropological in approach Local participation in the cultural and art activities Emphasis on quality of life Take account of cultural diversity Negotiation of the local versus the national and the global 10. Recognition of hybrid and multiple identities
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
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The Main Principle of a Cultural Planning Approach to Urban Regeneration

11. Fostering civic pride, a sense of local identity and ownership 12. Awareness of intangible aspects of culture 13. Animations of the cities through culture and creativity 14. High creative and bohemian indices 15. Access to public space 16. New, more tolerant space for social interaction 17. Spiritual and holy spaces 18. Space for fantasy 19. Creative approaches to development 20. Retention of local authenticity
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Types of Development stemming from Regeneration Process

y Iconic structures y The cities increasingly constructing iconic landmarks as means of creating or changing and image and focusing cultural and economic activity (e.g. Bilbao Guggenheim Museum) y Heritage mining y Conserve the past because no more resources to develop (e.g. Venice)

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Types of Development stemming from Regeneration Process

y Mega-events y Use major international events to stimulus to development (e.g. Olympic Games, UNESCO sponsored Universal Forum of Cultures) y Thematization y Developing a specific culture theme y E.g. New York positioning itself as the culture capital of the world

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The Creative Turn In Regeneration

y The reasons why creativity has become particularly popular in urban development strategies: 1. Culture is associated with high culture which has a traditional ,staid image 2. The cultural sector is not perceived as being very flexible or dynamic 3. The creative sector is broader than the cultural sector alone 4. The creative sector is directly linked to innovation 5. The creative industries include many aspects of visual consumption 6. Women often play a key role in the development of the creative industries
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Models of Creative Development

y The elements that are important in any creative regeneration strategies; y Clustering y Creative enterprises need a network of colleagues and suppliers and clustering is therefore seen as providing an impulse to both individual creativity and collective creativity y Consumer y In many cases creative enterprise need to attract audiences or attract audience or consumer to specific locations. y Large number of consumer also help to generate the ambience which is important to make spaces and districts attractive to live in.
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Models of Creative Development

y Co-makership y Creative cluster need to involve both producers and consumers in a process of co-makership of creative experiences y Attractions that do not allow space for the consumer to create their own experience or help to shape the experiences produced by creative enterprises are arguably not exploiting the full potential of creative tourism

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Models of Creative Development

y Clarity y Important to creative development in two sense :
y y

Attracting audience depends on a certain level of visibility Must have the level of permeability of the consumer

y Confidence y Not just having the faith to invest in creativity but also involves the essential issues of trust y Confidence in one s ability to make such developments work is also an essential element in selling the idea of success
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Materializing Activity
y Creativity can be integrated into urban and tourism

activity
y Creative spectacles y Many major arts festivals have effectively become the term of creative spectacles y E.g. World of Wearable Art staged in New Zealand in 2003 generates NZ$6.5 millions

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Materializing Activity
y Creative Spaces y Often of fixed ideas, blanks state; spaces that are multifunctional and that can be used to develop different narratives y Can be designed to house a core of permanent residence y Creative Tourism y Not just being there but reflexive interaction on the part of tourist y E.g. Creative Tourism New Zealand including bone carving, Maori language class , native flora weaving
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