Articles

An article is a determiner which signals the coming of a noun after it.
Although articles are used with nouns, with all nouns we are not able to use articles. E.g. this is a book. This is milk.
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Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy
There are two kind of articles 01.indefinite a/an 02. definite - the
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Some/any:
Indefinite uncountable nouns and plural indefinite countable nouns usually don t take an article: She bought milk (not a/the milk) He bought her toys But nouns like these usually take a determiner some/any to indicate a certain quantity or number: she bought some milk
6/30/2011 Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy
Some and any (determiners) are used as substitutes for articles. They may be called as quantitative articles
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a/an is never used with a plural noun This is a pen (not, a pens) But the is governed by the number system, so it can be used with singular nouns and plural nouns as well E.g. look at the bird/s on the tree
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Position of the article: this belongs to the class of determiners. As a determiner its position is before the adjective: A good book An intelligent girl
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a/an is placed after pre-determiners like many /much/rather/quite/what: What a man he is! (not a what man) She is quite a beauty. (not, a quite beauty)
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a/an is placed after adjectives when they are pre-modified by as /so/too/how How fine a place it is! It is too absurd an answer
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The choice between a/an is determined by the initial sound. If the initial sound is vowel then use an whereas the initial sound is consonant use a E.g. a book, A unit, a union, A one rupee An apple, an egg, an hour, an honour
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Acronyms and abbreviations begin with f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x sounds take an since the initial sound is vowel Ex; He is an FBI agent This is an HMT watch He is an LLB He is an MP He is an NCC officer
This is an 18 player team He is an 80 year old man
An+adverb/adjective+noun
An honest man An extremely difficult problem
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We don t say; this is pen But this is a pen Uncountable nouns should be used without a/an; This is water That is ink
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When a/an means one they can be interchanged: I bought a pen/one pen He bought an egg/one egg *with hundred/thousand etc, one is preferred to a/an because the one is more precise of the two. Therefore in banking and legal documents a/an is not used in place of one One thousand/not a thousand But we say about a hundred houses were damaged
The is used before a definite noun. When a noun is mentioned again, when it refers back to a noun mentioned already it takes the Ex. This is an old place. People believe that the place was built 500 years ago This is called an anaphoric function of the
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The , like a/an is used before a singular countable noun mentioned of the first time when it represents a class. This is called the generic or classifying function of the: The camel is the ship of the desert. The elephant is a wild animal.
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Ex: the rich The poor The injured The wounded
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The white The yellow of an egg The good The beautiful
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She is the bride for him This is the place for our picnic He is the authority on the subject the best , the
In this construction the means
only
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The president The prime minister The principal The postman The queen The prophet
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The police station The post office The station The radio (radio is always taking the) But with TV, that is optional
What s on the television They are watching TV
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We buy petrol by the litre They sell bananas by the dozen They are paid wages by the week the with countable & uncountable nouns that are made definite by preposition, prepositional phrase; Ex. The boy with a long hair The woman in the black The milk in the bottle
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The book she bought yesterday The water he drinks every day The birds that live in the forest of the noun clause (that clause) The news that the PM has signed, is not true
The is used before a noun placed by the side
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The best book The most beautiful flower One of the most useful animals One of the wisest men it is used in the sense of very : It is a most interesting story
But the is not used before most/least when
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She is the taller of the two girls He is the wiser of the two boys only : The first prize The only son The second son
The is used before ordinal numbers and
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I have read the few books/I had She has spent the little money/she had
The is also used before the names of ranges

of mountains and hills: The Himalayas The Alps The Vindyas

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The Andamandas The west Indies The Maldives But the is not used before individual islands
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The Atlantic (ocean) The Indian ocean The Pacific ocean The Mediterranean sea The Panama canal The Suez canal The Gulf of Mexico
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The Ganga The thames The Amazon The Mississipi The Nile
The is used before names of countries The UK The Congo

The Bible The Ramayan The Koran But this not used before name of the author in possessive case: I have read Tulsi Dasa s Ramayan (not the Tulsi Dasa s)

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The new York time The Hindu The Economist cardinal directions The east/west The north/south
The is used before specifying any of the

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The telephone The stream engine The wheel and articles of clothing: The stone hit him on the shoulder The trouser fits well
The is used before the parts of one s body

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Cathedral Cinema Pictures Theatre Office Museum Zoo
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No article is used before proper nouns (such as names of people, countries, tows,
days, months, languages, subjects, family relations.

No article is used with uncountable nouns No article is used before plural indefinite nouns (bees gather honey, dogs bark at night)
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Ex; I have breakfast There is brinjal on the menu food is modified by an adjective or phrase or relative clause an article must be used to make it specific. I had a good breakfast this morning.
But, when the name of a meal or article of
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No article is used before names of games/sports/diseases/illnesses No article is used before a noun when it is modified by a possessive adjective:
this is my hat (not a my hat) This is his umbrella (not a his umbrella)
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No article is used before a noun when
it is modified by a distributive adjective: Ex: each pen is blue (not, each a pen)
No article is used before a noun
when it is modified by a demonstrative adjective I want this pen (not, a this pen)
No article is used before a noun when it is modified by a numeral/quantifier like these: any, no, some, much, enough. No article is used before by+noun expressing a means of travel/transport communication:
You are advised to travel by bus I go home by train (not, a train)
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No article is used before a noun used in phrases like these;

Catch fire Give ear Shake hands Take offence
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Repetition of articles: He is a great poet and thinker But when they refer to different/separate people or things an article is used before each of them: The boy and the girl have done well. The chief minister and the education minister.

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An article is a determiner which signals the coming of a noun after it.

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

This is an 18 player team He is an 80 year old man

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Ex: the rich The poor The injured The wounded

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

The white The yellow of an egg The good The beautiful

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

 In this construction the means

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

 The is used before a noun placed by the side

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

 But the is not used before most/least when

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

 The is used before ordinal numbers and

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

 The is also used before the names of ranges

of mountains and hills: The Himalayas The Alps The Vindyas

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

 The is used before names of countries The UK The Congo

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

 The is used before specifying any of the

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

 The is used before the parts of one s body

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Cathedral Cinema Pictures Theatre Office Museum Zoo

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

days, months, languages, subjects, family relations.

 But, when the name of a meal or article of

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

 No article is used before a noun when

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

No article is used before a noun used in phrases like these;

Languages & Soft Skills Training Division-Orient Academy

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In this construction the means

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But the is not used before most/least when

The is used before ordinal numbers and

The is also used before the names of ranges

The is used before names of countries The UK The Congo

The is used before specifying any of the

The is used before the parts of one s body

But, when the name of a meal or article of

No article is used before a noun when