7/1/2011

INTRODUCTION
Astronomy is the oldest and most fascinating science. Astronomy is the science of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere, such as stars, planets, comets, aurora, galaxies, and the cosmic background radiation. It is concerned with the formation and development of the universe, the evolution and physical and chemical properties of celestial objects and the calculation of their motions.
7/1/2011 2

UNIVERSE
Universe is a real mysterious place. It is a violent place sometimes and a beautiful place sometimes. It is everything. The great questions of human race are where we came from, where we are and where we are going? Depending on the average density of matter and energy in the universe, it will either keep on expanding forever or it will be gravitationally slowed down and will eventually collapse back on itself in a Big Crunch.
7/1/2011 3

UNIVERSE
When there is no universe, there is no time. So when did the clock start ticking. But 12 billion years ago, there was no time. The Big Bang took place12 billion years ago. The atoms created 12 billion years ago are still with us. Every time we take a sip of water, we are swallowing many hydrogen atoms created at the beginning of the universe.
7/1/2011 4

7/1/2011

GALAXIES
Galaxy is a cluster of stars. There are billions of galaxies in this universe. The only galaxy larger than our own is Andromeda, which is approaching the Milky Way at 260 to 305 km per second. The galaxies are so big that they have been sometimes called Island universes. The Milky Way comprises of 24 such galaxies. It was estimated that there are about15,000 crores of stars and 2000 nebulae in our Milky Way.
7/1/2011 6

7/1/2011

STARS
Orion nebula is the birth place for stars. Stars are formed with a temperature of 10 million degrees centigrade. Epsilon Origa is the biggest star that has been found so far. Our nearest star is Proxima Centauri which is about 4.3 light years away. When a star dies, the stuff is pulled in and rarely forms a black hole that too if it is a heavy huge star.
7/1/2011 8

7/1/2011

BLACK HOLES
Black holes are formed when a star dies. Black holes are invisible because they suck the light that approaches them. They can be identified by the disappearance of light at a place. They suck and destroy every thing at their center point called SINGULARITY. Matter that falls into a black hole in our universe could emerge as a Big Bang, starting another universe.
7/1/2011 10

7/1/2011

11

SOLAR SYSTEM
Some 5 billion years ago, a cloud of gas and dust broke away from a larger cloud in the Milky Way galaxy to form the solar system. Gravitational pull in the centre of the cloud drew matter inward and caused the cloud to contract and to spin. As the cloud revolved, the matter at the centre became densely packed and extremely hot, forming the forerunner of the sun, the proto-sun . The gas and dust that surrounded the central bulge of the cloud flattened into a huge disc. While the centre of the disc continued to heat, the outer rim cooled. Gas and dust condensed into particles, which began clumping together. The clumps became planetesimals-tiny planet like bodies-of iron, nickel, rock and ice. Perhaps a trillion planetesimals swarmed around the proto-sun.
7/1/2011 12

7/1/2011

13

SUN
The Sun is formed about 5000 million years ago. In Sun 600 million Hydrogen atoms are converted into Helium. Sun is a medium sized star and it should even die one day i.e. may be after 4 or 5 billion years and due to that all the planets in the solar system will be destroyed including our home (Earth). Its life time may be 10 billion years. It would become a red giant and shrink to a white dwarf and then to a black dwarf and then it would become a neutron star or a black hole or a supernova.
7/1/2011 14

7/1/2011

15

7/1/2011

16

PLANETS
The solar system consists of ten planets. The rock type planets-Earth, Venus, Mercury and Mars are mostly solid matter and were formed by planetesimals that collided. In the farther, colder reaches of the solar system, the gastype planets-namely, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune were formed primarily of left over gases. Pluto is a special case; it may be a rocky moon that escaped from Neptunes orbit. The tenth planet's temporary name is 2003 UB313. It is one and a half times the size of Pluto. It is currently about 97 times farther from the sun than Earth.
7/1/2011 17

TEN PLANETS

7/1/2011

18

SPACE EXPLORATION
Space travel and exploration were only a dream until 4 October 1957, when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth. Since that day, more than 3,000 spacecraft have circled the globe and dozens of unpiloted probes have been sent to visit the Moon, the Halleys Comet and planets. Vostok1 was the first human carrying spacecraft to space on 12 April 1961. July 20, 1969 was the day man landed on Moon. Saturn5 rocket carried Apollo11 with 3 crewmen onto the Moon.
7/1/2011 19

PATH FINDER ON MARS

7/1/2011

20

COMETS & ASTEROIDS

About 1000 comets come nearer to Sun in every 100yrs and go away. Halleys Comet appears once in every 76yrs. Its next approach will be in 2062. It is estimated that there are about 40,000 asteroids between Mars and Jupiter. This is called the Asteroid Belt. Incarus is the asteroid which orbits closest to the Sun among all asteroids. Hidalgo is the asteroid which orbits farthest to the Sun.
7/1/2011 21

7/1/2011

22

TELESCOPES
Telescopes help in exploring the far away worlds. In 1609, hearing of a telescope built by a Dutch eyeglass maker, Italian scientist Galileo Galilee put together his own version consisting of a convex lens and a concave lens mounted in a Lead tube. Hubble space telescope, launched in 1990, may see objects so many times fainter than those seen by the best ground based telescopes.
7/1/2011 23

7/1/2011

24

SPACE STATIONS
Basis in space will serve as launch pads for future explorations. The first space station, Salyut1 was launched by the USSR in April 1971. Skylab stayed in space for six years and curdled the Earth 35,000 times. The Skylab fell to Earth in 1980. Mir (Russian for peace) was launched into orbit on February 20 1986.

7/1/2011

25

7/1/2011

26

7/1/2011

27

CONCLUSION
Astronomy is a never ending science. It will not end by just knowing about our universe because there may be many universes out there in space. Knowing about this space means knowing about us by answering the questions like where we are in this infinite space, where we are going? But it cant be the same forever because new galaxies were being discovered and the planets in them. One day man may reach there and may even live there with the other living creatures (ALIENS) and may settle there leaving the Earth.
7/1/2011 28

PROJECT

BY

1) A.SREE DEEPTHI

7/1/2011

29

THANK YOU

7/1/2011

30