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Design Manual for a cycle-friendly infrastructure

CE342-Advanced Traffic Engineering and Management

Joselito R. Lacuarin
PhD. in Civil Engineering
University of the Philippines-diliman

Center for research and Contract Standardization in Civil and Traffic Engineering – The Netherlands
Order of Presentation:

Chapter 4: Road-section

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Design Decisions for road-section
4.3 Design Elements for road-sections
4.4 Mixed profile
Design Aspects in Separating Bicycle and motorized traffic

Way in which cyclist do or don’t share space on a road- Regulation, layout & features & use which are important to cyclist on a given type of
section w/ other types of traffic (possibilities of road section (point of attention)
separating)
Physical separation

 Cycle-track along road Track width  Layout of partition: vegetation, parking

One-sided two-way track Mopeds permitted on  ( on track with its own alignment routing,

One-sided one-way track cycle-track or not permitted vegetation and lighting (sense of social
safety)
Two-sided one-way track Road marking
 Longitudinal section
Two-sided two-way track Method of separation
 pavement
 Cycle-track with it own alignment verge, railing, kerbstone
Width of partition

Visual Separation

Recommended lanes Width of lane

Cycle-lanes Colour / structure of pavement

Marking

Presence of parking-spaces

Lighting

Mixing

 All (riding or driving) traffic- types mixed Elements influencing the driving behavior
two-way traffic, one-way traffic, partial one-way traffic, Parking/ no parking on street
sheltered from cars, parallel roads Design of parking facilities
 Limited combinations of Traffic types Horizontal alignment
bicycle and pedestrian, bicycle and moped, low-  Regulation
volume goods-traffic, bicycle and bus, bicycle and Pavement
tram, bicycle and farm traffic
Lighting
4.1 Introduction

5 main requirements in the design of road section:

1. Coherence Visibility – surface,

Complexity of riding side-pavement,
– differences in roadspeed,
2. Directness Hilliness
Findability-
– numberclearlyof recognizable
inclines per unit
over
length
its
eyemarking
contact, anticipation time,
3. Attractiveness whole length
Traffic volume
impediment
View – walls,railingof cycle,
– widthspace for
and location
or planting must have no
4. Safety By
Change offering alternative
inmaneuvers,
function
Consistency of thus routs
discontinuity
there
quality be
– ifisthere ofare
change route
in
changes
Weather detrimental
impediment – effect
shield on view
against rain,
5. Comfort it cyclist
standard useorits
motorized
significant should be clear
Chance
Choosing wind snow
theofright using
blinding vegetation etc.. not
– cycle-carriageway-
lay-out: not too narrow,
too wide motorized
Actual speed are not
flow- cycle blinded
route should be
Shape, function and use wide enough
Sense of social safety – visibility of cycling
facilitiestime wasted
Delays- journey
:
3 ways of improving

1. Adjust design
2. Influencing use/ function
3. Change function
4.2 Design Decisions for road-section

4 types of cyclist maneuvers on road-sections

1. Encounters (Moped-riders/cyclists encounter one another or motorized traffic)

a) Cycle-tracks
Causes
Factorsincludes:
includes:oncoming
width oftraffic,
cycle-
b) Cycle-lanes with partial Factors also
unlawfully includes:
parked cars, width
opening of cycle-
Being
Motor tracks,
cut-off
vehicles volume
by oncoming
speed of traffic,
must be lowcycles
traffic enough
one-way traffic tracks, volume
car-doors, of
sudden traffic, cycles
crossing of in
Vehicles in groups,
deviate whenweather,
overtaking visibility
c) Mixed profiles groups, weather, gradient percentage
pedestrians, mechanical troubles,
weather conditions, faulty design,
2. Overtaking maneuvers
path holes
3. Deviating maneuvers
4. Maneuvers carried out on
arrival and departure
4.3 Design Elements for road section

1. Physical separation Functions: separating

Premises:
Preferably cyclist of
twocoloured cantraffic
red ride types,
side by side,
safeprotection
distance from parked
from
Consequences: weather, cycling
vehicle,
Protective comfort,
maximum
effect of a
a. Cycle-track width SafetyIn case
and
prevent not possible:
comfort,
blinding, alternative
maneuvers
increases in route
relation
safety for
to
Advantages:
width =
It motorized,departure
2.5mcycle-track,
is a possible & destination
effective
alternative If at cycle
pavement
there are no
b. Two-way Cycle-track width peak-time
Functions: volume
guidingClear
lowering
of parking-management
driving
traffic and speed,
raising the is
side,
Use:room never needs
width
for cyclist
when partition to
of cross the
cycle-track
must road, Space
c. Forms of Separation alternative
attentiveness needed
route for be
level
physically
to prevent
bicycle cyclist from
traffic
takenseparated
can be less from
d. Dividing Verge ridingmotorized
on the edge traffic
of the
If wider lanes
Use: one-wayproblems are
cycle preferred,
track supplementary
= continuous side
Disadvantages:
Design: grass, footpath
parking at intersection,
lane, sett-paving strip
e. Raised adjoining cycle track measures are necessary
line, two-way = addition
increase chance of “frontal encounters”, of broken line at
f. Road marking middlechance of accidents
increased
Design: broken line width=0.10m
2. Design elements visual separation length=0.30m spaced at 2.70m

a. Cycle-lanes and recommended lanes

b. Width of cycle-lanes
and recommended lanes

c. Parking beside cycle-lanes

4.4 Mixed profile

1. Carriageway-width for mixed traffic

Divided into:
In addition to table 4.3
2. Measuring-segments
Measuring segments
Tight profilefor-width
the
(nomake-up
space offor
a cross-sectiobal
close profile
Carriageway = 2.25m, if with good-
3. Attuning of function and use vehicle=overtaking),
2.6m is recommended
Max (30kph) Max (50kph)
Measuring segment
4. Tight or spacious profile per Spacious
Should
Design:have –Tight
profile Profileroom
Enough
In“speed-limiting
Spacious Profile
to overtake
measures”eg.
Germany “bicycle-street”
road-category
Cyclist cyclist
Steps to be undertaken: Application of red
0.75
asphalt
Recommended
Passenger car Length !> 300m 1.75
Determine Critical profile
function
vehicles of a
GoodsEvaluation: – between tight
road best design
Verify and spacious.
2.60
a. One-way traffic “justcombinations
room”
Bicycle-edge 0.25
b. Partial one-way traffic Estimate representative use/intended behavior
Bicycle-parked vehicle 0.50
c. Two-way traffic Speed: “Not too tight, not too spacious”,
Attune the representative
Bicycle-moving vehicle use 0.85
to a tight or spacious
1.05
d. recommendation consider also sight distances.
profile
Vehicle-vehicle (both moving) 0.30 0.80
Moving vehicle-kerb 0.25 0.50
Calculate carriageway-width
Check width with possible combination of road
users.
4.5 Particular forms of mixing of traffic-types

1. Cyclist and pedestrian

a) Cyclist and car-free areas? Depends on the position of the cycle
route
Layoutinshould
Presence the
of road
benetwork
mopeds makes
clearly less safe to
indicated
b) Separating cyclist and pedestrians?Factors
cyclist depending on: Bicycle and
Directive for separating Lowering
and mixing
Allocation Goods
of vehicles
of bicycle
exclusive space by:for
and Putting
bus C7
traffic
cycling
pedestrian volumes, function of the
c) Design on separating sign “Close to goods vehicles” or C8
Recommendations:
Cycle-function Througharea toDistributor
cyclist, function
cycle- of the area to
Access cycle-
Not too
trucks strict
with trailers, putting physical
2. Bicycle and moped Bus-function cycle pedestrian
route
Mopeds route
use limiting
measures the mainthe route
carriageway
width within
or height
Provisions
built-up areas;on parking
unless the road concerned
3. Low volume goods-vehicles traffic Separating or
has more than one traffic atmixing,
each direction
Separating or
4. Bicycle and Bus Connecting
separating
Outside mixing,
built-updepending depending
areas in principle on
mopeds
5. bus-lane
Bicycle, tram and (goods) vehicles only useonthe cycle-tracks ofvolumes
volumes RONA-
6. Bicycle and farm traffic category 4 and higher
Access bus- mixing
separating mixing
lane
4.6 Longitudinal section

1. Gradients

2. Bridges and tunnels

3. Socially safe tunnel solutions

4.7 Special layout elements

1. Bends in road-sections

2. Gangways and winding

3.Transition from separated to

mixed profile
4.8. Case