Action Plan for Management of MSW

S.K.Singh,Env.Engr,CPCB

Really Needed ?
The Honble Supreme Court order dated 4.10.2004 directed for preparation of Action Plans by local bodies of 35 metrocities and 24 State Capitals. Pursuant to the order, CPCB interacted with SPCBs to get the action plans prepared from these. Local bodies have taken initiatives to prepare Action Plan for management of MSW.

Implementation Strategy
MSW Rules
Within the city Collection Segregation Storage Transportation --------------------------------Municipality -------------------------------Re-organise/re-structure/re- orienton-going efforts { Schedule II } Outside City Limit Processing Disposal

------------------------------------Private Entrepreneur Operator of facility

{ Schedule III & IV}

Situation Analysis
Data Collection (Primary/Secondary) Field studies (Qty/Characterization) Targeted Development, Upgradation and Renovation of facilitiesgrowing backlog Project-wise approachstrategy formulation, Prioritized Action Plan with DPR Public Private Partnership-participatory approach

Create Awareness
For segregation at house-hold level Waste minimisation..etc. Community initiatives (composting.)

Through Schools..

For Women Groups

For MSW Workers.

Create System (MSWM System)

DOORSTEP COLLECTION OF BIODEGRADABLE WASTE EVERYDAY & RECYCLABLE WASTE ONCE IN A WEEK

Whistle system of garbage collection

Pole Bins for Footpath Dwellers

Sahaj Safai Kendra (Chandigarh)

Capacity Building/Institutional/ R & D Aspects

Technical / Financial strengthening of ULBs. Separate MSWM Cell in ULB (Engr. in charge) Incentive scheme for staff to attract competitive spirit Surveillance System/Grievance Cell Decentralized waste mgt. Scientific & Environment friendly Recycling Develop & Implement cost effective technologies not dependent on power supply Indigenous machinery/technology to suit Indian/local conditions (large cities-O&M high due to high Quantity) Augmentation of Existing Infrastructure(tools/vehicles..) Human Resource Development

Sl

Implementation of MSW Rules, 2000

Parameters Suggested Measures as per MSW Rules, 2000

1.

Collection and storage of waste; Prohibition of littering and facilitate compliance

Introduction of spot fining system Provide containers/storage bins with a capacity based on population served & qty of waste/day Organise house to house collection system on regular pre-informed timings Adoption of appropriate source specific collection system for areas such as slums, hotels, restaurants, office complexes and commercial areas Provide containerized manual driven cart or small vehicles for waste transfer Provide separate collection for horticultural/debris Waste shall not be burnt Separate collection system, quick removal and waste processing

2.

Wastes from slaughter houses, meat and fish markets Segregation of MSW

3.

Awareness program by municipal agencies, community participation, involvement of NGOs representatives of local resident welfare association Contd

Transportation of MSW

Vehicle design shall be such that multiple manual handling is prevented Provide appropriate biological processing i.e. composting, vermicomposting, anaerobic digestion for stabilization of waste. The product shall comply with standards specified by CPCB. Incineration with or without energy recovery including pelletisation as per AAQ standards 1987 laid down by CPCB Restrict disposal of non-biodegradable waste and other wastes Landfilling shall be done by adopting proper norm (earth cover) Environmental issues Necessity of clearance from the concerned organisation Landfill site should be away from habitation clusters, forest areas, water bodies, monuments, national parks, airport, etc. Disposal as per Biomedical Waste Regulations

5.

Processing of MSW

6.

Disposal of MSW

7.

Selection of landfill site and its location

8.

Disposal of biomedical waste Period of landfill

9.

Long term use

Contd

10 .

Development of Buffer Zone

A buffer zone should be located around the landfill site

11 .

Facilities at Landfill Site I. Fencing of landfill site II. Preventing entry of animals III. Approach for internal roads to the landfill IV. Weighing of waste V. Sanitary landfill should be developed and operated VI. Prevention of pollution at landfill

Fencing to be provided Prevention of entry of unauthorized persons and animals to the landfill site Approach road at landfill to be provided Weigh bridge facility and weighing should be carried out regularly Compaction of waste and earth cover Measures for pollution control should be adopted viz., liners, appropriate drainage, leachate collection and treatment etc.

SWM Activity

Collection

Initiation of house to house collection system Adoption of large variety of community bins in cities having community bin system Adoption of front end loaders for mechanical lifting of waste at open collection spots Adoption of source specific collection system Emphasis on segregation of dry and wet waste at source Introduction of spot fining system Ensuring minimum manual handling of waste Provision of closed containers at various locations

Industrial Waste Management

Monitoring of management of hazardous wastes in keeping with the legislation Adoption of separate treatment and disposal facilities for hazardous wastes

Biomedical Waste Management

Transportation

Replacement of older vehicles by newer one Emphasis on optimization for routing of vehicles Separate vehicle for transportation of slaughter house waste Preventive maintenance of transportation vehicles periodically Provision of sheds for parking of transportation vehicles

Processing

Conducting awareness program on use of compost Providing appropriate testing facility for assessing quality of compost Emphasis on improvement of existing disposal site keeping in view of MSW Handling Rules Avoiding open disposal of MSW Creation of sanitary landfills Selection of landfill site as per the guidelines of CPCB/NEERI

Bio-medical Waste Discontinuing the mixing of biomedical waste with the MSW Ensuring proper segregation of various categories of biomedical waste as also treatment and disposal of these wastes as per legislation Strict compliance on adoption of protective devices such as gumboots, hand gloves, and masks, etc. Provision of medical facility to workers Establishment of separate healthcare center for workers

Disposal

Indicative Action Plan for MSWM

Recommended Collection and Storage, Transportation, and Disposal Practices in Metro, Class I Cities and State Capitals
Type Collection and Storage
ySegregation of waste into dry and wet at source should be adopted yLong handled brooms should be provided to the workers for conveniently sweeping the roads and lanes ySweepers should be allotted at least 300 meters road length in areas of high population density, 500600 m in medium population density and 750 m in low population density and may vary depending upon local conditions yTricycles/handcarts with bell ringing sysem with a provision of 4 Nos. 50 lit capacity plastic container for house to house collection should be provided yPublic awareness and participation campaign should be carried out. In addition NGOs should be involved in collection of waste yMS bin/containers of 4.5 cum capacity at suitable location should be provided. These containers need to be hoisted with dumper placer

Transportation

Disposal

Metro, Class I Cities/State Capitals

High, Medium and Low Population Density yDumper placer should be used where MS containers of 4.5 cum capacity are used for collection yFront end loader and tipper trucks can be used were open dalaos, vats, open collection spots exist. However, open dalaos and vats as also open collection spots should be gradually phased out yTipper trucks should be covered or closed type tipper truck with waste loading and uploading facility yOrdinary trucks/tractor trailors used should be covered by tarpaulin yVehicles more than 7 years old should be replaced by newer ones yAt least one bulldozer for SW quantity 200 TPD and small compactor for quantity less than 200TPD should be provided for spreading and compaction of waste yDaily soil cover of 10 cm thickness and intermediate cover of 40 cm thickness should be provided yWhile developing SLF, the final cover system should comprise a clay layer of 60 cm thickness, drainage layer of 15 cm thickness and cover of vegetation of 45 cm thickness at the top. This system minimizes infiltration of leachate and erosion yWater sprinkling over the deposited waste should be practised to reduce dust

vi

yIf the width of road is small, closed MS container of 1 cum capacity should be provided. The waste will be transferred to the vehicles from the container. As the process involves multiple handling of waste, it should be adopted in specific cases yIt is preferable to engage 2 workers making a group during sweeping. Each group needs to be provided with metal tray, brooms and plastic container of 30-50 liters capacity ySweeping staff should be provided with protective gadgets like mask, gloves, gum boots etc. yOpen collection spots should be removed and replaced by closed containers yOpen dalaos/vats should be phased out gradually and should be replaced by closed ones or closed containers yShopping complexes, business and commercial areas separate containers of 50100 lit. capacity should be provided and directly emptied into 4.5 cum capacity storage containers yThere should be separate collection system for silt from the drains and slaughter houses

yRoutine and preventive maintaince of the vehicles should be carried out for vehicles used for SW transportation yProper garage shed for parking should be provided for vehicles yBreakdown and major repairs should be carried out in central workshop with provision of adequate inventory of spare parts

yA combination of HDPE (1.5 mm thick) and clay liner (90 cm thick) should be provided at the site

Slum Areas

y16 lit capacity bins should be provided to the individual house to store the waste for 24 hrs. yThe waste collected from the slum area can be transferred to community bins located at nearby area ySmall handcarts should be provided to the workers for slum areas

yAs the slum area are inaccessible, waste needs to be transferred using small vehicles/tricycles which will transfer the waste to large sized container located long road side

ySame as above

vii

Hilly Areas

yDue to narrow width of road MS containers of 1 cum capacity should be used yDue to undulating road condition, conventional handcarts are not suitable. It is better to use auto type vehicle for waste collection purpose

yVehicle of shorter turning radius should be used

ySame as above yRetaining wall should be constructed to prevent waste sliding down to deep valley in case disposal site is adjascent to valley

Thrust of Implementation
Schedule-III - Improvement in existing landfill sites - Identification of new landfill sites for future use. Schedule-IV Setting up of waste processing facilities with the adoption of appropriate technology

Waste Processing Technologies (Schedule-IV) Accepted Technologies (may not require specific approval of CPCB;)  Composting  Vermi-composting  Anaerobic digestion  Incineration  Pelletisation

Other Possibilities..
Co-incineration in Cement Kilns etc. Methane Capturing for CDM . .

Tasks for SPCBs/PCCs

Monitoring compliance of specified standards regarding GW, ambient air, leachate, compost & incineration Selection of Waste Processing technologies Selection of landfill sites, O & M of sites Grant Authorization for setting up of processing and disposal (landfills) Forwarding Annual Report to CPCB regarding implementation of Rule by 15th September every year. Management of accidents State level monitoring committee Studies to back up Rules

Contd..
Strengthen laboratories for monitoring WP/WD facilities. Directory on expertise available (DPR,WP, WD, Equipment manufacturers) Inventorizations of cities/towns in State/UT for assessing status of MSWM Guiding ULBs to fill Form-II (AR) for sending regularly to SPCBs State level Advisory Group to assist local bodies for selection of appropriate WP technologies, identification of sites and operation of landfills. Immediate Attention-prohibit burning of waste, regulating movement of stray cattles and seeking participation of Public and NGOs for promoting segregation of waste at source and door-step collection of waste.

Time Bound Action Plan

Prepare time-bound action plans for cities/towns having population > 20000 and 50,000(Priortization) Action Plans to indicate requirements (physical and financial) for each activity (CSSTPD) Training programmes for ULBs (at all levelsstate/regional) through Municipal Administration/ State Institute)-creating trg.facilities Mass awareness programme (jointly with ULBs) Undertake inventorization of cities/ towns for assessing status of Solid Waste Management

 Prepare a DPR for one city/ town and getting such DPRs prepared for all cities/ towns in the State. Set up one model facility in the State Directions under Section 5 of EPA to ULBsto submit time bound action plans for implementation of Rules-?-States/UTs to issue directions for ULBs with population > 20,000, >50,000

Proposed approach for implementation > 100 t/d

Authorization

< 100 t/d

To be issued on priority To be phased out by bigger (within six months) States and to be essentially covered by smaller States (within six months)

Compliance with Local bodies to design Local bodies to design system Schedule-II system in three months in three months and launch Collection & and launch within six within six months segregation of months waste continue with Storage of waste Phase-out conventional bin - May system and replacing with conventional bin system for mobile bins. Alternative time being. systems considering site specific needs to be - Propose for modernisation/ improvement in existing worked out (in six months) system (within 12 months)

Contd

>100 t/d
Transportation Different types of waste of waste transportation vehicles be used to comply with norms specified in the Rules. Transportation of waste could be contracted out. Collection/ clearing efficiency to be almost 80% per day (within 12 months) Waste Processing Combination of technologies could be attempted (composting anaerobic digestion, Pelletisation and energy recovery etc.) Waste Processing plants to be set up at the earliest (ScheduleI)

< 100 t/d

Conventional system of vehicles/ including local system be used. Collection efficiency upto 80% to be achieved. (within 12 months)

Biological preferred.

processes

be

Setting up of facilities to be prioritised.

> 100 t/d

Waste Disposal

< 100 t/d

Existing landfill sites to be Simpler designs to be improved (Schedule-VI) worked out. New landfill sites to be Designs required for identified for operation Hilly towns. (Schedule-III)

MODEL FACILITY
Objectives
To set up model facilities on demonstration basis for implementation of the MSWRules, 2000. To document the entire scheme from implementation to its commissioning and assessing the actual performance. To share the information for dissemination to other local bodies in the state and at national level. To build up capabilities of local bodies including management of internal resources, which is expected to improve with better service delivery.

 Set up model facilities (demo-basis) for at least one town in each State/UT. Towns having population > 50,000 to 2.0 lakh and waste generation upto 100 tones are preferred. The proposal would be cost sharing basis (50:50) DPR to be prepared by ULB (CPCBindicative format for preparation of DPR). Detailed MoU to be signed by concerned SPCB, local body and CPCB Scheme to be operated through SPCB.

Recycling and Resource Recovery

Plastics/Glass.etc C & D Wastes Energy Generation Composting . .

Recycling Unit
(Front view)

Recycling Unit
(Inner view)

Application of MSW compost

Application of MSW compost and sewage sludge as partial substitute of chemical fertilizer is more beneficial than their sole application as evident from the results from different treatments. Application of compost has increased the macro micronutrient status of the soil as well the organic carbon and

Heavy metals emanating from the MSW compost and sewage sludge is found to be well below the critical level even after 3 years experiments

Future Studies-*Long-term studies*Effects on soil flora and

fauna*Confirming suitability on food crops*Experiments on different soil types and crops

Need:-Testing, Easy Distribution Network, Awareness creation

CPCB/IARI studies on characterization of compost quality& its application on agricultural crops. 7 compost plants studied for characterization of compost quality. Studies indicated:

* Av concentration of heavy metals in the raw waste that was fed to the various compost plants were--Lead (47 to 185 mg per kg), Nickel (36-63 mg/kg) Cadmium (1.5 to 6.5 mg/kg) Mercury(0.01 and 0.23 mg/kg) Finished Compost-Pb; 108-203 mg/kg; Ni- 8-80 mg/kg; Cd3.8-12.4 mg/kg and Hg 0.01-0.31 mg/kg. Growth attributes of wheat/ maize and vegetable crops viz., plant height, number of cobs/tillers/m2, dry matter production and leaf area index, were increased due to supply of nitrogen through combination of different doses of urea with
compost/ sewage sludge. MoUD- Report of Interministrial Task Force on Integrated Plant Nutrient Management using City Compost (constituted,March,2003, SC Direction)

Utilization of Grants under 12th Finance Commission

* 12th FC recommended grants of Rs.5000 Crores to ULBs for the period 2005-2010 of which Rs.2500 Crores have to be devolved upon exclusively for setting-up of solid waste management systems in Urban areas to ensure management of MSW in accordance with MSW Rules. MoUD on 6th October, 2005 has circulated guidelines for preparation of DPRs and selection of technologies for processing and final disposal of MSW for different categories of towns for the benefit of State Government/ Local bodies. The emphasis has also been given to implement various activities of solid waste system through private sector participation. 28 State Governments and SPCBs may initiate the process for utilizing the grants and set-up appropriate committees/ technical institutions to guide local bodies in preparing DPR for cities and towns.

 Total capital investment estimated by MoUD for 423 class-I towns is as under: Capital Investment (Rs. in Millions) *Equipment and vehicles -3864.43 *Composting of waste -10012.35 *Landfill development -10568.83

S.No

States

Panchayats Percent (Rs.crore) 1587.00 68.0 526.0 1624.0 615.0 18.00 931.0 388.0 147.0 281.0 482.0 888.00 985.0 1663.0 1983.0 46.0 50.0 20.0 40.0 803.0 324.0 1230.0

Municipalities Per cent 7.480 0.060 1.100 2.840 1.760 0.240 8.280 1.820 0.160 0.760 1.960 6.460 2.980 7.220 15.820 0.180 0.160 0.200 0.120 2.080 3.420 4.400 (Rs.crore) 374.0 3.0 55.00 142.0 88.00 12.0 414.0 91.0 8.0 38.0 98.0 323.0 149.0 361.0 791.0 9.00 8.0 10.0 6.00 104.0 171.0 220.0

1 2. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Andhra Pradesh Aruanchal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagland Orissa Punjab Rajasthan

7.935 0.340 2.630 8.120 3.075 0.090 4.655 1.940 0.735 1.405 2.410 4.440 4.925 8.315 9.915 0.230 0.250 0.100 0.200 4.015 1.620 6.150

Let us ensure a healthier life for THOSE who strive to keep our city clean

Thank You