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INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Outline
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Definitions
Types of Information Systems Information Systems Vs Information Technology Expanding Roles of IS Classification of IS Enterprise Resource Planning Information Systems Development IS as Discipline Information systems: Opportunities and Challenges Conclusion
IS It's type & SIS - SKA
Definition
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Salesperson: SKA Sales Territory: Western Region Current Sales: 147 Units = Rs.147,000
Views of data
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Physical Level- Describe how a record is physically stored on the computer. Logical level- Describe data stored in the database and relationship among them.
Data modeling
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Data modeling is the analysis of data objects that are used in a business or other context and the identification of the relationship among these data objects. A data model is a collection of logical constructs used to represent the data structure & the data relationship found within database. Data models aremodels Implementation model- Hierarchical, Network, Relational, Object-oriented, Semi-stuctured
Conceptual
IS It's type & SIS - SKA
Data Manipulation
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Reading through data collected from a customer survey with questions in various categories would be time-consuming and not very helpful. When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful information.
Manipulation Classifying
Data Manipulation
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Manipulation
Calculating Recording Summarizing Output
Generating Information
Computer-based
ISs take data as raw material, process it, and produce information as output.
Input-process-output
Definitions
Information Systems An information system(IS) is typically considered to be a set of interrelated elements or components that collect(input), manipulate(processes), and disseminate (output) data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective. Open System Close System
Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control
What Is a System?
System:
A set of components that work together to achieve a common goal. Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of more than one system are combined to reach an ultimate goal. Open system: System that interfaces with other systems. Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no contact with other systems
IS It's type & SIS - SKA
Characteristics of a system
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Every system has a purpose. Every system is made up of components like input, process, output, Feedback, and control. Systems are made up of subsystems, whole goals are referred to as sub-goals. Goals of a system are more important then subgoals of the sub-system. Systems weather open or closed have an element of control associated with them.
IS It's type & SIS - SKA
Characteristics of a system
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Basic control model of system consists ofA standard for acceptable performance. A method for measuring actual performance. A means of comparing actual performance against standards.
System
Output
Types of system
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Open and closed system Physical and abstract system Deterministic and probabilistic system
Data
A given, or fact; a number, a statement, or a picture Represents something in the real world The raw materials in the production of information
Information
Data that have meaning within a context Data in relationships Data after manipulationIS It's type & SIS - SKA
Information in Context
Systems thinking
Creates a framework for problem solving and decision making. Keeps managers focused on overall goals and operations of business.
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Synergy
When combined resources produce output that exceeds the sum of the outputs of the same resources employed separately
Allows human thought to be translated into efficient processing of large amounts of data
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IS Vs IT
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Payroll System
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Hardware Software Databases Networks Other related components are used to build INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Inventory System
Marketing System
Expanding Roles of IS
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Data Processing: 1950s-1960s Management Reporting: 1960s-1970s Decision support: 1970s-1980s Strategic and End User Support: 1980s-1990s Global Internetworking: 1990s-2000s
Classification of IS
Information Systems
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1. Operations support systems process data generated by business operations Major categories are: i) Transaction processing systems ii) Process control systems iii) Office automation systems 2. Management Support Systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers Major categories are i) Management Information System
1. Operations Support System i) Transaction processing systems Process business exchanges Maintain records about the exchanges Handle routine, yet critical, tasks Perform simple calculations
ii) Process control systems monitor and control industrial processes. iii) Office automation systems automate office procedures and enhance office communications and productivity.
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2. Management support systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers Major categories are:
i)
Routine information for routine decisions Operational efficiency Use transaction data as main input Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas
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iii) Executive information systems provide critical information tailored to the information needs of executives
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Other categories a) Expert systems b) End user computing systems c) Business information systems d) Strategic information systems
a) Expert Systems are knowledge-based systems that provides expert advice and act as expert consultants to the users b) End user computing systems support the direct, hands on use of computers by end users for operational and managerial applications c) Business information systems support the operational and managerial applications of the basic business functions of a firm d) Strategic information systems provide a firm which strategic products, services, and capabilities for competitive advantage
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SCM
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Logistics
Manage ment
SCM
Supply
chain enterprise application
Integrated programs that can manage a companys entire set of business operations Often coordinate planning, inventory control, production and ordering
CRM
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Customer relationship management-is a multifaceted process, mediated by a set of information technologies that focus on two-way exchanges with customers so that firms have intimate knowledge of their needs, wants, and buying patterns.
CRM
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1. Acquire Growth
IT innovation Marketing Orientation
Growth
CRM
3. Extend
2. Retain
Growth
IS It's type & SIS - SKA
GIS
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Geographic information system Information decision makers need is related to a map, in such cases, special IS called GIS, can be used to tie data to physical locations. Ensure accurate reporting with improved data management Speed up decision making with visualization of information from many sources. Improve productivity with streamlined work processes. Mobilize crews with up-to-date information viewing and editing in the field
IS as Discipline
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IS is an interdisciplinary field influenced by Computer Science, Political Science, Psychology, Operations Research, Linguistics, Sociology, and Organizational Theory.
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Challenges
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1. Workforce downsizing 2. Information overload 3. Employee mistrust 4. Difficult to built 5. Security breaches
Opportunities
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Capture market opportunities Enhanced global competitiveness Support corporate strategy Enhance worker productivity Improve quality of goods and services
Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning (ERP), database administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.
Knowledge Workers
Managers and non-managers Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how to use information technology.
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Consumer Privacy
Employee Privacy
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Freedom of Speech
IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech, intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.
IT Professionalism
Social Inequality
Less than 20% of the worlds population have ever used a PC; less than 3% have Internet access.
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Careers in IS
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System Analyst Network Administrator DBA Network Administrator Web Master CSO CIO & CTO
Conclusion
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Information Systems are indispensable to the business, industry, academia and any organization to meet the future challenges