A Statistical Research Project Presented by: The Chroniz Range Group

ABSTRACT
This study sought to substantiate the effects of cell phone usage in the academic performance of III-SC-B students of Jose J. Leido Jr. Memorial National High School.

DEDICATION
With our silver-lining visions and hopes, the researchers aspire to dedicate this lion-hearted work of gratefulness to his/her parents, brothers, sisters, fellowmen and to our core custodian, Almighty God for their extreme acknowledgement to enlighten this statistical work. All those words of wisdom and encouragement given by the persons who loves and cares for the researchers were highly appreciated and helped the pollsters during the times of making this Statistical Research Paper. That utterance gave the researchers the will to do and accomplish the task, without you, this paper would have not been done. The researchers would also like to dedicate this work to that someone who inspired, gave courage and lifted the researchers spirits while conducting this study and never left. -The Chroniz Range

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A cordial appreciation and a simple manner to show gratitude is extended to the persons behind the researches during the work. Sir Alain Mendoza, his/her adviser and statistician deserved to be acknowledge for the best assistance he could offer that made this research extraordinary. The school s faculty members for the outmost help they could give and best advice that we could bring throughout the work. Thank you for the researchers family, friends and classmates for being there and never failed to ask God for his Guidance and for the success of the study. And the people behind the scenes of this revision, they are appreciated and acknowledged. And with the researchers heart they are raising the masterpiece for Greatest Artist ever written in the history God. -Chroniz Range-

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In our present generation, we can say that our technology has really improved a lot. New inventions here, new inventions there and technical innovations everywhere. Human s imagination is actually ample because they discover new things from time to time. The issue of beneficial and harmful effects of modern technology is important nowadays because it affects an immense part of people s lives. As of now, we found many things which are so called hi-tech gadgets which we believed to affect our daily lives such as cell phone. Despite the financially viable realities and crises that plagues the Filipinos; still a great number of young Filipino students, particularly in Jose J. Leido Jr. Memorial National High School, are running around with the up-to-the-minute gadgets that technology can offer. From laptops, iPods, mp3, PsP, up to the most common gadget that truly stands out and has become very close to everyone s compassion: Cell phone. The youth have been quick to vicious circle up with this technology. It has unofficially become the status symbol of Filipino youth, who are now far more knowledgeable about a cell phone s latest features than their parents. Moreover, it has definitely created a unique venue among young Filipinos where they could express themselves, starting out with the unique text lingo that they are becoming used of and by the countless jokes, pieces of advice and graphics that could be sent through it. -1-

However, due to unlimited texting and other promos, students are becoming used on forwarding jokes and other junk stuff to their fellow text mates, and are just lured to spend money on something they don t really need. Cell phones? We all know that almost all people in this generation, not only here in the Philippines but people globally has a cell phone unit. Through this, we can keep our communication easy and stable. Nevertheless, there are also some harmful effects that this device can do to us. Let s take this instance, during class hours, we cannot say that all students are paying attention and listening on what the teacher is discussing, because their center of attention was conveyed on doing such things like texting. Aside from this dilemma caused by the usage of cell phone, is that students become poor in spelling. Modern but risky, because of this gadget we ll be able to follow the trend but our studies are being neglected. It is for this reason that the researchers had undertaken a study on the effects of cell phone usage in the Academic Performance of Third Year Science Class B students. -2-

Statement of the Problem

This study sought to determine the effects of cell phone usage in the academic performance of the third year science class B of Jose J. Leido Jr. Memorial National High School. Specifically, the study will answer the following questions:

y What are the effects of cell phone usage in the academic performance of III-SC-

B students in terms of:

y Study Habits y Allowance y Interests

y What is the level of academic performance of III-SC-B students in terms of:

y Test Results y Class Performance y 1st Grading Period General Average

y Is there a significant relationship between the effects of cell phone usage and

the academic performance of III-SC-B students?

Statement of the Hypothesis

y This study will test the null hypothesis: y There is no significant relationship between the effects

of cell phone usage and the academic performance of III-SC-B students?

Significance of the Study

The study would be advantageous to the following persons: A study along this line would unfold if there is a relationship that exists between the usage of cell phones and the academic performance of the students. In this day and age, it isn t that surprising to see that cell phone usage is subject to functional expansion, because users, especially students progressively change habits and learn to apply new trends of technology for a growing variety of purposes and in a broad range of situations. Result of this study would find out the good and bad effects of cell phone and other new technologies to the students. The study could be a good reference to the future researchers. Other researchers would also be inspired to weigh up the effects of cell phone usage to students academic performance in their concerned school organization.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study focused on the effects of cell phone usage in the academic performance of III-SC-B students of Jose J. Leido Jr. Memorial National High School. The study was limited to such variables: The students profile in terms of study habits, allowance and interest; and the students level of academic performance in terms of test result and class performance. Factors like extra curricular performance, leadership style and recognition in school were excluded in this study. The period covered by the study was year 2010-2011. Descriptive correlation statistics is used in the study.

Definition of terms
y y y y y y y y

To ensure deeper and clearer understanding of this study, the researchers opted to define operationally the terms used in this research. Academic performance- the students way of act in school Allowance- used by the students daily for the expenses ell phones- gadget used in sending personal messages, graphics and communication lass performance- the student s way of participating inside the classroom Interest- likes of the students Students- youth studying in school Study habits- means reading, writing and answering exercises to enhance one s knowledge Test results- fruit of the student s hardships and understanding in class discussion.

Theoretical Framework
This study was guided by the following theories of motivation and organization theories. Kamibeppu,Kiyoko a group of Japanese junior high students were surveyed about their cell phone use and their friendship. About half of them owned cell phones and were ore likely to have friends who also had cell phones. Researchers found that some of the students display symptoms of dependency; a number of students felt they could not go without their cell phones and that their phones interfered with their schedule. More than half of the students without cell phones wanted one. The authors point out that it is possible that students fell left out socially if they do not have cell phone. They recommend more research with different cultures and ages. Many school boards have tried setting limits on cell phone use without banning cell phones completely. Requiring that phones be turned off during class hours, confiscating phones from students caught using them in class, and requiring that phones be set to voice mail only have all had limited access. Some teachers are so frustrated with cell phone interruptions that they collect the phones at the beginning of class and return them as students leave. With fears of lawsuits if students without cell phone access are caught in true emergency situations, some schools have banned student cell phones from campuses but have supplied students with donated phones that only call emergency numbers.

(theoretical framework continued)

Roger Coghill became a long-standing advocate for health warnings to be affixed to cell phones after this biologist found that cell phone transmissions damage the ability of white body cells to ward of infectious disease by disrupting the immune system s electromagnetic communication. Dr. Lennart Hardell, and oncologist from University Hospital in Sweden, found that after one or more years of cell phone use, the risk of brain cancer in people who begin using mobile phones before they turn 20 is 5.2 times greater than for the general population. For people who begin using mobile phones later in life, the risk of a malignant brain tumor is 1.4 times greater. Kathrina Gustavss, a certified Building Biology consultant with 25 years experience, explains that CMDAs 217 Hz spikes are very close to the frequencies of human cell membranes. Gustavvs accompanied a Microcell technician to the Colwood microwave relay tower Irwin and others had complained about. When he waved a spectrum analyzer, Gustavvs checked the display and saw pretty scary energy spikes.

Conceptual Framework
Based on the theoretical discussions, the following archetype is drawn.
Independent Variable Status in terms of: Study Habits Allowance Interest Dependent Variable Level of Academic Performance in terms of: Test results Class performance

Figure 1 Hypothesized Relationship of the Variables of the Study Figure 1 in the preceding page presents the conceptual framework of this study. Two variables are included in the paradigm. As shown, the independent variable is the profile of the effects of cell phone in the III-SC-B. It is indicated by the following age, status in life, and interests. The dependent variable is the academic performance of III-SC-B in terms of their test results, class performance.

This chapter is a collection of documents that served as a labyrinth of ideas for the researches. Research literatures of both local and foreign are presented in this chapter which gave direction to the investigation.

Related Literature
Aronson (1997) states the cell phones is a key element in the building of corporate empires. Apart from easing the violation of laws and the realization of exchanges without leaving traces it permits the physical separation of the offices from the factories, allowing the managers to keep the control of the production. Therefore, cellphones plays a role in the urban concentration of financial and business activities. Lanson stresses that this device helped in the development of larger metropolitan systems with a more diversified and complex structure it is also a central element in the work organization and communication inside the skyscrapers, the symbols of corporate capitalism that arose at the beginning of the 20th century. According to Townsend, the advent of inexpensive mass-produced mobile communications in particular, has avoided scholarly attention, perhaps because it seems pedestrian compared to the nebulous depths of cyberspace. Yet the cellular telephone, merely the first wave of an imminent invasion of portable digital communications tools to come, will undoubtedly lead to fundamental transformations in individuals perceptions of self and the world, and consequently the way they collectively construct the world.

(related literature continued) Roos says that, the essential thing about mobile phone: they enable the type of (virtual) communication and interaction which characterizes premodernity: people who never move far, live in small towns and villages near each other, everybody knows where everybody is etc. But being virtual, this kind of communication is not any more bound to my single locality, as it was in the pre-modern times. Gergen (2002) explains that, privilege granted by the cell phones to a select few, there are fewer tendencies to move laterally and superficially across relationships. Rather, one s communication time is increasingly spent in the presence of those who matter. By the same token, brakes are placed on the concatenating tendency towards self-fragmentation and diffusion. With the cell phone, one s community of intimates more effectively sustains one s identify as a singular and coherent being. One is continuously, if sometime painfully, reminded of one s place in the flux of social life. Cell phone technology not only favors a kind of parochialism, but also stands as a wedge against the kind of polyvocal participation required in an increasingly multicultural world.

(related literature continued) In fact, call phones may make it easier for individuals to find themselves spatially very near to complete strangers, because they provide them with a virtual exit option by just contacting their loved ones at home. As it responds to such deeply ingrained and universal social needs, it is no surprise to see the cell phones expanding worldwide at breath-taking speed. In fact, many studies show that cell phone usage is subject to functional expansion, because users especially students gradually change habits and learn to apply the new technology for a growing variety of purposes and in a widening range of situations. The mere possession of a cell phone can result in trouble for teens, including losing whole grades, and the teachers obtaining possession of the phones. Cell phones have become a big issue in schools, and controversy has arisen all over the place. Views of scientists and researches: Inconclusive. There have been some 200 studies on the safety of cell phones. And they all seem to conflict concluding that scientists still aren t sure as to the safety of cell phones. The catch is that these are short-term studies. Cell phones have only been in the mainstream for a few years. No one is sure of the long-term effects.

(related literature continued)

Department of Education (DepEd) is worried about the negative effects of cell phones on students academic performance because it can lead them to rebel. Doctors here in the Philippines state that cell phone transmissions can affect a person s brainwaves with persistent effects on behavior that causes them not to sleep early. An unknown scientist states that the danger that cell phone brings to the students is the danger of being nervous while having a class. The National Academy of Sciences released a report in January calling for more research on cell phones and health risks. The authors concluded that many of the past studies were not conducted over a long-enough period of time to assess the risk of brain cancer, which typically develops slowly.

Related Studies
Morill, a doctoral student at Utah State University conducted a study on the effects of cell phone. He hopes his research will help people, and especially parents, better understand how cell phones can affect the lives of young people. Overall, the study found that students who received cell phones at a younger age had a higher level of social maturity, but pin-pointing the reason why may require a closer look. A recent scientific journal published in 2007 titled Long term use of cellular phones and brain tumors, concluded after assessing results from many different studies that use of cell phones for more then 10 years does show increased risk for acoustic neuroma and glioma.

(related studies continued) Other studies show that electromagnetic signals from cellular phones reduce the ability to concentrate, calculate and coordinate complicated activities such as driving a car. Startled by $4 billion a year in extra claims among cell phone-wielding drivers, North American insurers did a double-take that found simply juggling cell phones is not causing a 600% increase in accidents over other drivers busy shaving, applying makeup, tuning radios, taming pets, making out, pouring coffee, retrieving dropped cigarettes, talking and gesturing to passengers, or actually steering the vehicle. Studies have found that chronic cell phone use may have a negative impact on long-term health. The following information provides an overview of the effects of cell phone use on our lives. A study measuring the link between cell phones and mental health found that teens that used cell phones the most were more likely to be anxious and depressed. A study looked at addictive, problematic use of cell phones and found a link between low self-esteem and problem cell phone use. While most parents blame the ubiquitous cell phone for poor academic performance of their children, a new study has refuted all such claims saying that these modern-day gadgets have no detrimental effects on students report cards.

(related studies continued)

Many studies, paid by cell phone industry, tell that cell phone is safe and that only sensitive people get nervous. Some independent double blind studies however, show increased cancer rate in sensitized mice. Many studies show that 95% of students enjoy using cell phones in class hours because of being bored. Volunteers tested later scored about 25 percent worse for recall of course content presented during the distraction, even though the same information was covered by the professor just prior to the phone ring and projected as text in a slide show shown throughout the distraction. Students scored even worse when Shelton added to the disturbance by frantically searching her handbag as if attempting to find and silence her ringing phone.

(related studies continued)

Titled The distracting effects of a ringing cell phone: An investigation of the laboratory and the classroom setting, the study was conducted at Louisiana State University. The study found that unexpected exposure to snippets of a popular song, such as those often used as ring tones, can have an even-longer-lasting negative impact on attention. Thus, people who use popular songs as a personal ring tone may be increasing the odds their cell phone rings will be more distracting.

This chapter presents the methods and procedures that were utilized to gather the data. Also included here are the research design, sampling technique and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design
The descriptive correlational was used in this study. Best (2003) defines descriptive method of research as that investigation which describes and interprets what it is. Correlational studies are descriptive studies designed to determine which different variables are related to each other in the population of interest.

Respondents of the Study

A total of forty-nine (49) students of III-SC-B of Jose J. Leido Jr. Memorial National High School were the subjects of the study. The researches have planned to use the fishbowl technique for their statistical project. They also used the questionnaire method which is used or find out if a relationship exists.

Table 1. Distribution of the Respondents

Respondents Population Sample

III-SC-B

49

43

Sampling Technique
The respondents were selected using Slovin s formula and simple random sampling. Formula: n= N 1+ Ne2 Where:
y y y

n= Sample Size N= Population Size n= 49 1+(49)(.05)2

49 1+ 49(.0025)

SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R R Square Adjusted R Square Standard Error Observations 0.162413007 0.026377985 0.002631106 1.630166056 43

ANOVA df Regression 8.955 9 Resid al .9 Total 9 . 5 SS .95 88 5 MS .95 88 5 F . 9 98 Significance F . 98 8

Coefficients Intercept X Variable 8 . 8 95 9

Standard Error . 8 9

t Stat .89 85999

P-value 5.889 E

Lower 95% 8 . 5595 -

. . 9 9 55 Lower 95.0% 8 . 5595 9 - . 585 . 99 8555 Upper 95.0% 9 . . 9 . 95

585

Upper 95% 9 . .

SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics Multiple R R Square Adjusted R Square Standard Error Observations 0. 04021066 0.010820382 -0.01330595 1.643138 31 43