Security Level: Internal

WiMAX Principle and Key Technology

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Foreword

WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

WMAN (Wireless Metropolitan Access Network) technology

Multiple Broadband Services

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Contents
1. OFDM/OFDMA Principle 2. Key Technologies of WiMAX

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Contents
1. OFDM/OFDMA Principle

1.1 OFDM Principle 1.2 OFDMA Principle

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Evolution of FDMA System

Single Carrier Multi-carrier

frequency

frequency

OFDM

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

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Realization of OFDM

Principle

Convert one high speed serial data into several low speed parallel data Generate several orthogonal sub-carriers Modulate low speed parallel data onto different sub-carriers

sn , 0
N
f0

sn , 0

sn , N 1
fN-1

IFFT

P/S

sn , N 1

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OFDM Characteristics High spectral efficiency

Overcome frequency selective fading Overcome the multi-path interference Simple channel estimation Easy to combine with other technologies

High requirements of time synchronization High sensitivity to frequency delay High PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio)

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Overcome Frequency Selective Fading

P(f) P(f)
Fading

Narrowband System
Transmit Signal

Received Signal

P(f)

P(f)

Fading

Broadband System
Transmit Signal

Received Signal

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Multi-path Environment
Transmitted signal time

Received signal time

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Overcome the Multi-path Inference

In OFDM system, the multi-path interference can be reduced

by adding CP

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Importance of Time Synchronization

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Importance of Frequency Synchronization

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Contents
1. OFDM/OFDMA Basic Principle

1.1 OFDM Principle 1.2 OFDMA Principle

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Whats OFDMA?(1)

OFDMA: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access All carriers are divided into several groups (sub-channels) Coding, modulation and amplification are set separately for each Different sub-channels can be allocated to different users at the
OFDM OFDMA OFDM OFDMA

sub-channel based on channel conditions

same time

Time
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Output Power

Frequency

Frequency

Whats OFDMA?(2)
Subcarrier-4 Subcarrier-1 Subcarrier-2 Subcarrier-3 Subcarrier-N

Frequency
OFDM Slot/Frame

IFFT

S1 S 2 S 3 S 4 S 5 S6 S7
IFFT

SN S2N
Guard Time

SN+1 SN+2 SN+3 SN+4

IFFT

OFDM Symbol (FTT duration)

Time

Bandwidth

OFDMA is the foundation of 4G!

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Contents
1. 2. OFDM/OFDMA Basic Principle Key Technologies in WiMAX System

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Contents
2. Key Technologies in WiMAX system

2.1 Communication Model 2.2 Channel Coding 2.3 AMC 2.4 HARQ 2.5 Multiple Antennas

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Common Communication Model

Source coding
Channel coding & Interleaving interleaving

Modulation Transmitting

Radio channel
Source decoding
Deinterleaving deinterleaving &channel Demodulation Receiving decoding

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WiMAX Communication Model

baseband
Data from MAC layer Modulation Mapping

DL PHY Process
IFFT Cyclic Prefix RF TX

Randomization

FEC

Interleave

Data to MAC layer

UL PHY Process
baseband

De-Randomization

Decoder

DeInterleave

De-Map Symbols

Freq. Domain Equalizer

FFT

Remove Cyclic Prefix

RF RX (Timing & Frequency Correction etc)

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Contents
2. Key Technologies in WiMAX system

2.1 Communication Model 2.2 Channel Coding 2.3 AMC 2.4 HARQ 2.5 Multiple Antennas

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Channel Coding

Definition :

A technique which combines of error detection, error correcting, rate matching, interleaving and so on

Purpose:

Reduce the probability of error Reduce the required signal-to-noise ratio

Coding Efficiency k/n Coding Types in 802.16e:

CC (Convolutional Coding) 1/2 2/3 3/4 5/6 CTC (Convolutional Turbo coding) 1/2 2/3 3/4 5/6

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Questions

Does the coding mode with higher coding efficiency must be better than a lower one?

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Contents
2. Key Technologies in WiMAX system

2.1 Communication Model 2.2 Channel Coding 2.3 AMC 2.4 HARQ 2.5 Multiple Antennas

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AMC

AMC

Adaptive Modulation and Coding

Purpose:

To select the suitable modulation and coding modes according to different channel qualities

64QAM

16QAM

QPSK

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Modulation Modes in 802.16e

Constellation of QPSK/16QAM/ 64QAM

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Modulation and Coding Mode in WiMAX

Supported Modulations and Codings Modulation Types DL UL

QPSK 16QAM 6 QPSK 16QAM 4QAM 64QAM CC (Convolutional Code) CTC (Convolutional Turbo Code) Repetition 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 x2, x4, x6 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 x2, x4, x6

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Questions

Please calculate the effective information bits per symbol with different modulation and coding modes.

For example: QPSK1/2, the effective information bits per symbol=2*1/2=1bit

How is about the 16QAM3/4 and 64QAM1/2?

If the AMC decision is wrong, what will happen?

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Contents
2. Key Technologies in WiMAX system

2.1 Communication Model 2.2 Channel Coding 2.3 AMC 2.4 HARQ 2.5 Multiple Antennas

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What is HARQ

HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest)

A combination of ARQ and FEC

Types of ARQ:

SAW: Stop-and-wait GBN: Go-Back-N SR: Selective Repeat

Types of HARQ:

Type I Type II(IR) Type III

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Performance of HARQ

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Characteristics of Improve HARQthe transmission reliability and system throughout

Reduce the average re-transmission and data transmission delay

HARQ decreases the sensitivity of instantaneous channel quality change

Combination with AMC, decreases the wrong decision because of the feedback delay or the wrong feedback decoding

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Contents
2. Key Technologies in WiMAX system

2.1 Communication Model 2.2 Channel Coding 2.3 AMC 2.4 HARQ 2.5 Multiple Antennas

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Contents
2.5 Multiple Antennas

2.5.1 MIMO 2.5.2 AAS

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What is MIMO?

MIMO Multiple input and multiple output

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Working Mode of MIMO

Diversity mode Matrix A

Transmit the same data in different antennas Enhance the capacity indirectly The number of receiving antenna can be less than the number of transmitting antennas

Spatial Multiplexing mode (Matrix B)

Transmit different data in different antennas Enhance the capacity directly The number of receiving antenna can not be less than the number of transmitting antennas

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MIMO in 802.16e

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Contents
2.5 Multiple Antennas

2.5.1 MIMO 2.5.2 AAS

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What is AAS?

AAS: Adaptive/Advanced Antenna System

Omni antenna

Directional antenna
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AAS

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Types of AAS

Switched Beam Antennas

Cell is covered by some fixed beams

Adaptive Antenna Arrays

Beam can trace the users position automatically

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Improvement to performance

Increase the SNR and the sensitivity of BS Decrease the error bit of system Decrease the system interference Enhance the coverage Improve the spectrum efficiency by adopting the SDMA technology

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Thank you
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