Emotions And Attitude

Created By: Rajesh Kumar (A-46) Anuj Pramanik (A-8) Anuj Aggarwal (A-1) Ankur Sharma (A-7) Arjun Singh (A-11) Apurv Chaudhary (A-9)

Attitude

COMPONENTS
There are three components of attitude
1.

Cognition- a description or belief in the way

things are

2. 3.

Effect-emotional or feeling segment Behaviour - intention to behave in a

particular manner

FORMATION OF ATTITUDE
Individual acquire attitude from several sources but the point to be stressed is that the Attitudes are Acquired but not Inherited y Important sources of acquiring attitudes are direct experience with the object, association, family, neighbourhood, economic and social positions, and mass communication
y

The term attitude frequently is used in describing people and explaining their behaviour. For example he has a poor attitude I like her attitude y Attitude can be characterized in three ways. 1. They tend to persist unless something is done to change them 2. Attitude can fall anywhere along a continuum from very favorable to very unfavorable. 3. Attitudes are directed towards a subject about which a person has feelings (sometimes called affect) and beliefs.
y

NATURE AND DIMENSIONS

FUNCTIONS OF ATTITUDE
y

Attitude serves four important functions:

Adjustment function  The Ego-defensive function  The Value expressive function  The Knowledge function
 The

CHANGING ATTITUDES
BARRIERS TO CHANGING ATTITUDE y There are two basic barriers that can prevent people from changing their attitude. Prior commitment, which occurs when people feel a commitment to a particular course of action and are unwilling to change. 2. The result of Insufficient Information. Sometimes people do not see any reasons to change their attitude.
1.

OVERCOMING BARRIERS
y y y y y

Providing information. Use of fear Resolving discrepancies Influence of friends or peers The co-opting approach

Job Satisfaction

Job Satisfaction Meaning

y

Job Satisfaction refers to ones feeling towards ones job. It can only be inferred but not seen. Job satisfaction is the amount of pleasure or

contentment associated with the job.

y

Thus, companies try to find this answer through various methods like questionnaires, regular inter-departmental reviews & various other means depending upon the feasibility of it
Personality - Attitude & Emotion 10

Are we really satisfied with our job?

y

According to a survey, jobs which provide more training, variety, independence and control over the area of work provide the maximum satisfaction Most people prefer jobs that are challenging & stimulating over work that is predictable or routine

Sources of Job- Satisfaction JobWages y Working Conditions y Work y Promotion Chances y Work Group y Supervision
y

Consequences of Job Satisfaction

Increased Productivity y Reduction in Employee Turnover y Reduced Absentism y Reduced Stress level y Improved Morale
y

Wages

Working Conditions

Work

Job Satisfacti on
Promotion Chances Promotion Chances

Supervision

Emotions and Moods

Emotions EmotionsWhy Emotions Were Ignored in OB

Emotions are critical factor in employee behavior. y The myth of rationality y Emotions of any kind are disruptive to organizations.
y

Original OB focus was solely on the effects of strong negative emotions that interfered with individual and organizational efficiency.

What Are Emotions?

Affect
A broad range of emotions that people experience

Emotions
Intense feelings that are directed at someone or something

Moods
Feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus

Aspects of Emotions
y y

Biology of Emotions
Originate in brains limbic system

Intensity of Emotions
Personality Job requirements

Frequency and Duration of Emotions

How often emotions are exhibited How long emotions are displayed

Functions of Emotions
Critical for rational thinking Motivate people

Mood as Positive and Negative Affect

Sources of Emotions and Moods

y y y y y y y y y

Personality Day and Time of the Week Weather Stress Social Activities Sleep Exercise Age Gender

Positive Moods are Highest At the End of the Week In the Middle Part of the Day

Negative Moods are Highest At the Beginning of the Week And show little variation throughout the day

Gender and Emotions

y

Women
Can show greater emotional expression Experience emotions more intensely Display emotions more frequently Are more comfortable in expressing emotions Are better at reading others emotions

Men
Believe that displaying emotions is inconsistent with the male image Are innately less able to read and to identify with others emotions Have less need to seek social approval by showing positive emotions

External Constraints on Emotions

Organizational Influences Cultural Influences

Individual Emotions

Emotional Labor
Emotional dissonanceInconsistencies between the emotions we feel and the emotions we project. A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions.

Felt vs. Displayed Emotions

Felt Emotions
An individuals actual emotions

Displayed Emotions
Emotions that are organizationally required and considered appropriate in a given job

Note: Higher emotional labor equals more highly paid jobs (with high cognitive requirements)

Internals (Internal locus of control) Individuals who believe that they control what happens to them.

Affective Events Theory (AET)

y

Work events trigger positive and negative emotional reactions

Personality and mood determine the intensity of the emotional response. Emotions can influence a broad range of work performance and job satisfaction variables.

Implications of the theory ACT

Individual response reflects emotions and mood cycles. Current and past emotions affect job satisfaction. Emotional fluctuations create variations in job satisfaction and performance. Both negative and positive emotions can distract workers and reduce job performance.

Affective Events Theory (AET)

EXHIB I T 86

Emotional Intelligence
Self-awareness = Know how you feel Self-management = Manage your emotions and impulses y Self-motivation = Can motivate yourself and persist y Empathy = Sense and understand what others feel y Social Skills = Can handle the emotions of others
y y

Research Findings: Characterize high performers, high EI scores, not high IQ scores.

OB Applications of Emotions and Moods

y y

Emotions and Selection

Emotions affect employee effectiveness.

Decision Making
Emotions are an important part of the decision-making process in organizations.

y y

Creativity
Positive mood increases creativity.

Motivation
Emotional commitment to work and high motivation are strongly linked.

Leadership
Emotions are important to acceptance of messages from organizational leaders.

OB Applications . . . (contd)
y

Interpersonal Conflict
Conflict in the workplace and individual emotions are strongly intertwined.

y y

Negotiation
Emotions can impair negotiations.

Customer Services
Emotions affect service quality delivered to customers which, in turn, affects customer relationships.

y y

Job Attitudes
Can carry over to home

Deviant Workplace Behaviors

Negative emotions lead to employee deviance (actions that violate norms and threaten the organization).

Example : Emotions and Moods

Roberto comes to class and sits quietly looking content and relaxed. The teacher is guessing that Roberto is:

Low on negative affect High on positive affect High on negative affect Low on positive affect

2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Example: Emotions and Moods

Do you think there could be emotional and mood implications for telecommuting? If yes, how so?

Hint: Consider this woman! Why might she NOT always feel this way?

2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Thank You