CONSTRUCTIVISM

WHAT IS CONSTRUCTIVISM?
Construct = to build Constructivism is the theory which states that knowledge cannot exist outside the mind of the pupils, but it is built in the mind based on real experiences.

WHAT IS CONSTRUCTIVISM?
1. Learning is an active process in which learners construct new idea or concepts based upon their current/past knowledge.

WHAT IS CONSTRUCTIVISM?
2. In the process of learning, students construct their own meaning and understanding by linking new experience to prior learning.

WHAT IS CONSTRUCTIVISM?
3. Constructivists view learning as the result of mental construction. Students learn by fitting new information together with what they already know. People learn best when they active construct their own understanding.

WHAT IS CONSTRUCTIVISM?
Learners construct knowledge for themselves  Each learner individually construct meaning as he or she learns  Constructing meaning is learning


Principles of learning
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Learning is an active process in which the learner uses sensory input and constructs meaning out of it. Learning is not the passive acceptance of knowledge which exists out there but that learning involve the learners engaging with the world

Principles of learning
People learn to learn as they learn.  Learning consists both of constructing meaning and constructing system of meaning.

Principles of learning


The crucial action of constructing meaning is mental : it happen in the mind. Physical action, hands-on experience may be necessary for learning, especially for children, but it is not sufficient; we need to provide activities which engage the mind as well as the hands.

Principles of learning


Learning involve language : the language we use influences learning.

Principles of learning
Learning is a social activity.  Learning is contextual.  One needs knowledge to learn.


Constructivist Theory


The emphasis is placed on the students rather than the teacher or instructor. Learning is the result of mental construction. Learning is also affected by the contexts and the beliefs and attitudes of the learner.

Implications of the Constructivist View for the Teaching-Learning Process



Teaching-learning is an active process not a passive one,

Implications of the Constructivist View for the Teaching-Learning Process Building meaning occurs in the mind, that is, it is a mental activity; hands-on experience may be necessary for the TL but not sufficient; one needs to provide minds-on experiences as well,

Implications of the Constructivist View for the Teaching-Learning Process TL is a social activity, and

Implications of the Constructivist View for the Teaching-Learning Process

Context is important in TL since our past or prior experiences are involve in the construction of meaning; making connections to the learner s prior or previous knowledge will make learning more meaningful.

Constructivist Class


In the constructivist model, the student are urged to be actively involved in their own process of learning One of the teacher s biggest job is becomes ASKING GOOD QUESTIONS.

Needham s 5-phase Model



In carrying-out constructivism based learning, it is necessary for the teacher to prepare opportunities for students tom explore and involve themselves directly in hands-on and minds-on activities Needham s 5-phase Model is one of constructivist-based models.

Needham s 5-phase Model

Phase I - Orientation
Attracting attention and interests pupils  Motivating pupils  Short and simple


Needham s 5-phase Model

Phase II


Eliciting of Ideas

Identifying pupil s prior ideas  Concept mapping, question and answer session to stimulate thinking

Needham s 5-phase Model

Phase III Ideas



Restructuring of

Further developing or modifying prior ideas by comparing with scientific ideas  Investigating by using scientific skills

Needham s 5-phase Model

Phase IV Ideas


Application of

Application of ideas in new situations  New problem-solving  Invention, project etc.

Needham s 5-phase Model

Phase V Reflection or Reviews Change in Ideas

Conscious of how prior ideas have changed  Conclusion of what have they learned


Revision


What is constructivism?
1. 2.

A learning theory based on observation and scientific study. About how people learn.


People construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences.

WHAT IS CONSTRUCTIVISM?


About how people learn.



People construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences. When we encounter something new, we have to reconcile it with our previous ideas and experiences. In doing so, we may have to change what we believe or maybe discarding the new information as irrelevant.

WHAT IS CONSTRUCTIVISM?
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The constructivist learners are active creators of our own knowledge.

To be constructivist learner, we must ask questions, explore ideas and assess what we know.

WHAT IS CONSTRUCTIVISM?
y

The fundamental role of a teacher is to help children generate connections between what is to be learned and what the children already know or believe.

WHAT IS CONSTRUCTIVISM?
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In the classroom, constructivist teacher encouraging students to use active techniques (experiment, real-world problem solving) to create more knowledge and then to reflect on and talk about what they are doing and how their understanding is changing.

WHAT IS CONSTRUCTIVISM?
y

The teacher makes sure she understand the student s preexisting conceptions, and guides the activity to address them and build on them.

WHAT IS CONSTRUCTIVISM?
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By questioning themselves and their strategies, students in the constructivist classroom ideally become expert learner . This gives them ever-broadening tools to keeps learning. With a wellplanned classroom environment, the students learn how to learn.