Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Report Functions
Informational reports Analytical reports
Report Formats
Letter format (outside the organization) Memo format (with in the organization) Manuscript format (longer formal reports) Printed forms (repititive data ,monthly etc)
Writing Style
Formal Informal
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Explain continuing projects, including work completed, work in progress, future activities, and completion date.
Investigative reports
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Background
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Work Completed
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Page 2
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Work To Be Completed
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Feasibility reports
Analyze problems and predict whether alternatives will be practical or advisable.
Yardstick reports
Establish criteria and evaluate alternatives by measuring against the yardstick criteria.
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Report
-----Main Idea --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct Pattern
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Report
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Main Idea ----
Indirect Pattern
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Documenting Data
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Documenting Data
Reasons for crediting sources
Strengthens your argument Gives you protection Instructs readers
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Documenting Data
Learning what to document
Another person's ideas, opinions, examples, or theory Any facts, statistics, graphs, and drawings that are not common knowledge Quotations of another person's actual spoken or written words Paraphrases of another person's spoken or written words
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Documenting Data
Manual note taking suggestions
Record all major ideas from various sources on separate note cards. Include all publication data along with precise quotations. Consider using one card color for direct quotes and a different color for your paraphrases and summaries.
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Documenting Data
Electronic notetaking suggestions
Begin your research by setting up a folder on your hard-drive that will contain your data. Create separate subfolders for major topics, such as Introduction, Body, and Closing. When on the Web or in electronic databases you find information you may be able to use, highlight (i.e., drag with your mouse) the passages you want to save, copy them (using control-c), paste them (using control-v) into documents that you will save in appropriate subfolders.
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Documenting Data
Be sure to include all publication data. Consider archiving on a Zip disk the Web pages or articles used in your research in case the data must later be verified.
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Documenting Data
Learn to paraphrase
Read the original material carefully so that you can comprehend its full meaning. Write your own version without looking at the original. Do not repeat the grammatical structure of the original, and do not merely replace words of the original with synonyms. Reread the original to be sure you covered the main points but did not borrow specific language.
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Chicago manual
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Use superscript (raised number in the text) Use foot notes / end notes Reference contains authors name, title of publication, date and page cited Number citations through out For footnotes leave 1 & half inch line Supply the list of references (Bibliography) at the end of report.
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Sample note:
4. Donald N. McCloskey, Enterprise and Trade in Victorian Britain: Essays in Historical Economics (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1981), 54.
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Make it at the last page Centre the heading in capital 2 inch from the top page Include all references cited in the report Arrange items alphabetically by authors last name or by the first entry of reference Single space within and double space between references Indent the second and succeeding lines of references.
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McCloskey, Donald N. Enterprise and Trade in Victorian England: Essays in Historical Economics. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1981.
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yauthor = first name and then last name ylocation of publication, publisher, and year in parentheses yuses commas to separate items
yauthor = last name, comma, then first name yno parentheses for location, publisher, and year yuses periods to separate items ylists entire books, complete chapters, or journal articles to which you referred yfirst line not indented; subsequent lines are indented 5 spaces
Sample note: 4. Donald N. McCloskey, Enterprise and Trade in Victorian Britain: Essays in Historical Economics (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1981), 54.
Sample bibliographic entry: McCloskey, Donald N. Enterprise and Trade in Victorian England: Essays in Historical Economics. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1981.
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APA
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Start the reference list on a new page Type the word References center top of page Double space ALL LINES between and within entries Use a hanging indent format Arrange alphabetically If same first author arrange by year of publication
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Citation Essentials
You must give enough information in the parenthetical cite for the reader to locate the entry in the reference list without difficulty. Include the last name of author(s), date of publication and page number at an appropriate point in text. Eg. (Collins, 2000, p. 232)
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Citation Essentials
If you cannot find an author, cite the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the title and year).
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An article in a magazine:
Auletta, K. (2001, January 15). Final offer. The New Yorker, 40-46.
Online Document
Elston. C. (n.d.). Multiple intelligences. Retrieved June 6, 2001, from http://education.com/teachspace/ Provide author, date, title data as for print sources. Add information regarding how and when you retrieved the source. If source has no publication date, use n.d.
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MLA style
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Works Cited
Most citations should contain the following basic information: Authors name Title of work Publication information
Citation Essentials
You must give enough information in the parenthetical cite for the reader to locate the entry in the reference list without difficulty. Include the last name of author(s) & page number at an appropriate point in text. Omit commas
More than one author with the same last name (W. Wordsworth 23); (D. Wordsworth 224) More than one work by the same author (Joyce, Portrait 121); (Joyce, Ulysses 556) Different volumes of a multivolume work (1: 336) Citing indirect sources (Johnson qtd. in Boswell 2:450) 58
Citation Essentials
If the source has no known author, then use an abbreviated version of the title: Full Title: California Cigarette Tax Deters Smokers Citation: (California A14) If the source is only one page in length or is a web page with no apparent pagination: Source: Dave Polands Hot Button web column Citation: (Poland)
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Dawoud, Khaled. "Control without Bounds?" Al-Ahram Weekly Online 4-10 July 2002. 4 Feb. 2003 <http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2002/593/eg6.htm>.
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End
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