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Introduction and overview Installation of Linux Fedora 12 Starting servers and TCP/IP configuration
Part II Designing and Implementation of a LAN Part III Virtual Pivate Networks Part IV Traffic Surveillance and Network Security Part V Internetworking between Linux and Windows Part VI Other Server Systems
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Installation of Linux
Learning Outcomes
Discuss how a computer system starts from a hard disk. Explain a hard disc structure partition table, MBR, super block, file system. Explain the file system structure of FAT. Describe boot loader. Describe mount point, mounting and unmounting. Identify a proper Linux distribution for a given computer system. Use a Linux distribution DVD-ROM to install an Linux operating system. Use the software management tools, yum, .
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Installation of Linux
Introduction
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/f12/en-US/html/
Background
http://fedoraproject.org/ http://docs.fedoraproject.org/
Goals
Understand how to locate the Fedora distribution online Create configuration data that allows a computer to boot Fedora Understand and interact with the Fedora installation program Complete basic post-installation configuration of a Fedora system
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Installation of Linux
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Installation of Linux
New Users
A live image
Minimal boot CD and USB flash disk images A reduced-sized rescue CD image
http://www.bittorrent.com/download/
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Installation of Linux
New Users
i386
Intel except Core 2 Duo, Centrino Core 2 Duo, or Xeon AMD except 64 or x2 dual-core VIA C4 Apple MacBook Pro Intel P6 microarchitecture Pentium Pro and all later processors Athlon and all later AMD processors Intel Core 2 Duo, Centrino Core 2 Duo, Xeon AMD Athlon 64/x2, Sempron 64/x2, Duron 64 Apple Macintosh
i686
x86_64
ppc
Why?
Installation of Linux 7
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New Users
Using the ISO Recorder V2 In Windows Explorer, right click on the ISO file In the context menu, select Copy image to CD Follow the steps given
Nero Easy CD Creator Active@ ISO Burner freeware ... # dd if=.img of=/dev/sdX
Different?
Installation of Linux 8
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New Users
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Installation of Linux
GUI
Install or upgrade an existing system (text mode) Rescue installed system Boot from local drive
DVD, network, hard disk Network or hard disk Install to hard disk application
Verifying media
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Language Selection
Keyboard configuration
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Welcome Dialog
RAID?
Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks is a computer data storage scheme that divides and replicates data among multiple hard disk drives. Why?
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Disk Partitioning
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Disk Partitioning
Options
Remove all partitions on selected drives and create default layout Remove Linux partitions on selected drives and create default layout Use free space on selected drives and create default layout Create custom layout
Review and modify partitioning layout What if there were other operating systems, e.g., windows, and no enough free space?
Resizing
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Partitioning is a means to divide a single hard drive into many logical drives. A partition is a contiguous set of blocks on a drive that are treated as an independent disk. A partition table is an index that relates sections of the hard drive to partitions. Typically at least one partition on a disk Some systems allow partitions to be larger than a disk so that disks can be grouped into one logical units
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Since file system corruption is local to a partition, you stand to lose only some of your data if an accident occurs. The super block contains a description of the basic size and shape of this file system. The information within it allows the file system manager to use and maintain the file system. Usually only the super block is read when the file system is mounted. Small super blocks allow fast access to files.
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You can format partitions with varying block sizes, depending on your usage. If your data is in a large number of small files (less than 1K) and your partition uses 4K sized blocks, you are wasting 3K for every file. In general, you waste on average one half of a block for every file, so matching block size to the average size of your files is important if you have many files. Runaway processes or maniacal users can consume so much disk space that the operating system no longer has room on the hard drive for its bookkeeping operations. This will lead to disaster. By segregating space, you ensure that things other than the operating system die when allocated disk space is exhausted.
TRU-COMP425
Sector 0 of the disk Called MBR (Master Boot Record) of total 512 bytes
Code area (Bootstrapping) Optional disk signature Nulls Table of maximum four primary partitions MBR signature
440 B 4B 2B 64 B 2B
Four partition descriptors (or also called partition record) of 16 bytes from offset 446
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Sector 0 of the disk Called MBR (Master Boot Record) of total 512 bytes Four partition descriptors (or also called partition record) of 16 bytes from offset 446
0 1-3 4
Boot indicator Begin CHS (Cylinder/Head/Sector) Partition type 05, 0f, 85 (hex) DOS, Window 95, Linux respectively 5-7 End CHS 8-11 Partition start 12-15 Partition size 0 unused E.g., three primary (or logical) partitions and one extended partition Windows can boot only from a primary partition Installation of Linux 19
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Extended partition
The first sector is used as a partition table sector again => logical partitions, or inner extended partition
B
Bootblock
Inode list
superblock
Data blocks
directories, files
Reference
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File attributes
Block size: 512 Size of the link in FAT: 4 File: test File pointer: 1020 Reading 100 bytes Block to be accessed: Which block[s] would be retrieved from the file system? Displacement in the first block to be accessed: What displacement is the file pointer in the first block to be accessed? The size of FAT?
-1
End of file
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Disk Partitioning
Options
Remove all partitions on selected drives and create default layout Remove Linux partitions on selected drives and create default layout Use free space on selected drives and create default layout Create custom layout
Review and modify partitioning layout What if there were other operating systems, e.g., windows, and no enough free space?
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Disk Partitioning
Data partitions provide storage for files. Each data partition has a mount point, to indicate the system directory whose contents reside on that partition /boot / swap what is it? And more partitions,
Where is /etc/password?
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Disk Partitioning
Partition types
Physical volumes are combined to form a volume group. Each volume groups total storage is divided into logical volumes. Logical volumes function much like standard partitions. Warning: /boot partition must not be LVM because the boot loader cannot read LVM volumes An administrator may grow or shrink logical volumes without destroying data, not like physical volumes. For a while put / and swap partitions within LVM.
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Disk Partitioning
Disk Druid
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Boot Loader
A small program that reads and launches the operating system. GRUB by default
Where? In the master boot record (MBR) of the device for the root file system /boot/grub/grub.conf Fedora installation program automatically detects and configures GRUB to boot them. Add Edit Delete Optional
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Network Configuration
Edit ->
TOF
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Software Selection
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Installing Packages
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First Boot
By default the firewall is enabled SSH provides immediate remote access Confusing Lets not use it. Network time protocol (NTP) A user account, not the root account
System user
Sound card
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Applications -> System Tools -> Software Updater Apply Updates, and Reboot Now
yum utility
# su c yum update
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