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LTE FUNDAMENTALS
SVEN-ANDERS STURESSON

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Introduction

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Why learn about LTE FUNDAMENTALS

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20 minutes !

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LTE today Rel 8 LTE tomorrow Rel 10

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Scope and objectives

Objectives

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Explain the basics of the LTE radio interface Give an overview of the evolution of LTE

Scope

Key LTE radio access features LTE in the future How to learn more
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Overview

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Key LTE radio access features

LTE radio access
Downlink: OFDM Uplink: SC-FDMA

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OFDMA SC-FDMA

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Advanced antenna solutions

Diversity Beam-forming Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)
TX TX

Spectrum flexibility
Flexible bandwidth New and existing bands Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

1.4 MHz

20 MHz

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LTE Radio Access Downlink

OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

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Large number of 15 kHz sub carriers Orthogonal: Other carriers zero at sampling point

User 1 User 2 User 3

(f = 15 kHz

frequency
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LTE Radio Access Uplink

SC-FDMA Single Carrier FDMA (DFTS-OFDM)

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Pre-coded OFDM Similar to OFDM

15 kHz tones BUT consecutive Same time-domain structure

Low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio

User 1 User 2 User 3

frequency
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LTE DL Physical Resources

12 sub-carriers

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One Scheduling Block (2 Resource Blocks) 180 kHz and 1 ms

frequency

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Scheduling
Time domain
Round-robin Max C/I Proportional fair
Round-robin Max C/I Proportional fair

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Frequency domain
Consecutive Random Measurement based

Downlink

User 1 User 2 User 3

frequency

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Link adaptation
Layer 1 feature Time Domain (/user)
Modulation scheme Channel coding
OFDM symbol

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Modulation scheme
QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

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2bits

4bits

6bits

Channel coding

Data

Control

Data

Control

Frequency Domain (/SB)

Not that common

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Time dispersion
One OFDM symbol

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Direct path Reflected path

Tu

Measured by UE

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Cyclic prefix insertion

One OFDM symbol

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Direct path Reflected path

TCP

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Measured by UE

CP: 4.7 s => 1.4km

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Multi-antenna Transmission
Examples
Radio channel

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MISO (Multiple In Single Out) Beam forming Transmit diversity

Terminal device

Radio channel

eNodeB

SIMO (Single In Multiple Out) Receive diversity

Terminal device

Radio channel

eNodeB

MIMO (Multiple In Multiple Out) All above + Spatial multiplexing (MIMO)

Terminal device

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Spectrum Flexibility
New and existing bands FDD and TDD Flexible bandwidth

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1.4MHz: 6 Scheduling Blocks 20 MHz: 100 Scheduling Blocks

LTE Channel bandwidths [MHz]

1.4

10

15

20

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LTE DL peak rate

20 MHz and 4x4 MIMO AND 64 QAM
14 OFDM symbols per 1.0 ms subframe 64QAM = 6 bits per symbol 6 x 14 = 84 bits per 1.0 ms subframe

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84bits/1.0ms = 84kbps per subcarrier 12 x 84kbps = 1.008Mbps per Scheduling Block 100 Scheduling Blocks in 20MHz 100 x 1.008Mbps = 100.8Mbps per antenna

4 x 4 MIMO: 403.2Mbps ! BUT in reality approx. 300Mbps

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and UL no MIMO 75Mbps

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LTE in the Future Evolution!

LTE Advanced study in 3GPP
Start March 2008 Expected Release 10 (2011)

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LTE Advanced => LTE 3GPP Rel 10 Major enhancements

Higher peak rates Relaying solutions

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LTE 3GPP Rel 10

Higher peak rates
20 MHz

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Carrier aggregation
100 MHz total bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz

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Spectrum aggregation
40 MHz total bandwidth

DL/UL Multi-Antenna transmission

Peak rates: 3Gbps/1.5Gbps !

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1.2Gbps demonstrated at MWC2010

4 x 20 MHz DL 4x4 MIMO Commercial hardware

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Summary

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LTE FUNDAMENTALS
LTE radio access
OFDMA SC-FDMA

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Advanced antenna solutions

TX TX

Spectrum flexibility
1.4 MHz 20 MHz

LTE in 3GPP Release 10

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HOW TO LEARN MORE

LTE in Product catalog Training courses LTE/EPC Competence Space LTE/EPC Business Tutorials MWC2010 in PCAT

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