Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Erikson
Kenneth Estrella, Larinel Fiedacan & Jerene Lopez
Post-Freudian Theory
Extended Freuds infantile developmental stages into adolescence, adulthood and old age - Regarded by Erikson as an extension of psychoanalysis
-
Kenneth Estrella
Identity crisis
-
A turning point in ones life that may either strengthen or weaken ones personality
Kenneth Estrella
STRUCTURE
Kenneth Estrella
Ego
-
No clear structure given but Erikson gave focus on this A positive force that helps create a selfidentity, a sense of I Center of personality Partially unconscious organizing agency that synthesizes our present experiences with past self-identities and anticipated images of self Childhood (weak, fragile) Adulthood (strong with form)
Kenneth Estrella
Ego
-
Kenneth Estrella
PROCESS
Kenneth Estrella
Societys Influence
The ego emerges from and is largely shaped by society - It exists as potential at birth, but must emerge from within a cultural environment
-
Kenneth Estrella
Societys Influence
-
Pseudospecies - an illusion perpetrated and perpetuated by a particular society that is somehow chosen to be the human species
Kenneth Estrella
Epigenetic Principle
Borrowed from embryology - The ego develops stage-by-stage; each stage develops at its proper time
-
Kenneth Estrella
Epigenetic Principle
Borrowed from embryology - The ego develops stage-by-stage; each stage develops at its proper time
-
Kenneth Estrella
Anything that grows has a ground plan, and that out of this ground plan the parts arise, each part having its time of special ascendency, until all parts have arisen to form a functioning whole (Erikson, 1968, p. 92)
Kenneth Estrella
Kenneth Estrella
Basic Points:
1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Growth takes place according to the epigenetic principle There is an interaction between a syntonic (harmonious) element and a dystonic (disruptive) element The conflict between the elements produces an ego quality or ego strength (basic strength) Too little basic strength results in a core pathology There are biological aspects to the psychosocial stages of development Ego identity is shaped by a multiplicity of conflicts and events-past, present and anticipated Personality development is characterized by an identity crisis
Kenneth Estrella
Infancy
1st year of life - Parallels Freuds oral phase - Time of incorporation, not only through the mouth but through the various sense organs as well - The infant has significant relations with the mothering one
-
Kenneth Estrella
Infancy
-
Oral-Sensory Mode
- Characterized by two modes of incorporationreceiving and accepting what is given - Receiving (possible in the absence of people) - Accepting Infants must not only get, but they also must get someone else to give
Kenneth Estrella
Infancy
-
Kenneth Estrella
Infancy
-
Kenneth Estrella
When we enter a situation, we must be able to differentiate how much we can trust and how much we must mistrust, and I use mistrust in the sense of a readiness for danger and an anticipation of discomfort (Erikson, 1967, p. 15)
Kenneth Estrella
Infancy
-
Kenneth Estrella
Early Childhood
-
2nd and 3rd years of life Parallels Freuds anal phase Young children receive pleasure by mastering body functions such as walking, throwing, holding, etc. Time of contradiction (i.e. rebellion vs. compliance, cooperation and resistance, etc.) Significant relations is with the parents
Kenneth Estrella
Early Childhood
-
Anal-Urethral-Muscular Mode
- Children learn to control their body, especially in relation to cleanliness and mobility (i.e. toilet training) - With the activities the child engages in, he/she may display stubborn tendencies
Kenneth Estrella
Early Childhood
-
Kenneth Estrella
Early Childhood
-
Kenneth Estrella
Play Age
3 to 5 years Parallels Freuds phallic phase Oedipus complex Children develop locomotion, language skills, curiosity, imagination and the ability to set goals - Also being developed is conscience and they attach labels of what is right and wrong - Significant relations is with the family
Kenneth Estrella
Play Age
-
Genital-Locomotor Mode
- Erikson saw the Oedipal situation as a prototype of the lifelong power of human playfulness - The childs interest in genital activity is accompanied by their increasing facility at locomotion - The will from the previous stage is evolving into activity with purpose
Kenneth Estrella
Play Age
-
Kenneth Estrella
Play Age
-
Kenneth Estrella
Play Age
-
Kenneth Estrella
School Age
-
6 to 12 or 13 years Parallels Freuds latency phase The social world of children now includes peers, teachers and other adult models They wish to know more and strive for competence Time of tremendous social growth Significant relations is with the neighborhood and school
Jerene Lopez
School Age
-
Latency
- It is important because it allows children to divert their energies to learning the technology of their culture and the strategies of their social interactions - As they work and play, they begin to form a picture of themselves as either competent or incompetent
Jerene Lopez
School Age
-
Jerene Lopez
School Age
-
Jerene Lopez
School Age
-
Jerene Lopez
Adolescence
-
13 to 19 years One of the most crucial developmental stages By the end of this period, a person must have a firm sense of ego identity A period of social latency An adaptive phase of personality development, a period of trial and error Significant relations is with peer groups
Jerene Lopez
Adolescence
-
Puberty
- Defined as genital maturation - It triggers expectations of adult roles that are essentially social and can only be filled through attaining ego identity
Jerene Lopez
Adolescence
-
Jerene Lopez
Adolescence
-
Identity
- Can come from two sources:
1. Adolescents affirmation or repudiation of childhood identifications 2. Historical and social contexts
Jerene Lopez
Adolescence
-
Identity Confusion
- A syndrome of problems that includes a divided self-image, an inability to establish intimacy, a sense of time urgency, a lack of concentration on required tasks, and a rejection of family or community standards - Too much confusion = regression to earlier stages of development
Jerene Lopez
Adolescence
-
Jerene Lopez
Adolescence
-
Jerene Lopez
Young Adulthood
19 to 30 years - After achieving a sense of identity, a person must fuse that identity with the identity of another person while maintaining their sense of individuality - Significant relations is with sexual partners and friends
-
Jerene Lopez
Young Adulthood
-
Genitality
- Distinguished by mutual trust and a stable sharing of sexual satisfactions with a loved person
Jerene Lopez
Young Adulthood
-
Jerene Lopez
Young Adulthood
-
Jerene Lopez
Adulthood
31 to 60 years (longest stage of development ) - Time when people begin to take their place in society and assume responsibility for whatever society produces - Significant relations is with divided labor and shared household
-
Jerene Lopez
Adulthood
-
Procreativity
- More than genital contact with an intimate partner - Includes assuming responsibility for the care of the offspring resulted from sexual contact
Jerene Lopez
Adulthood
-
Jerene Lopez
Adulthood
-
Jerene Lopez
Old Age
61 years onwards - Old people may no longer be able to procreate, but they can still be creative and productive - Significant relations is with all humanity
-
Jerene Lopez
Old Age
-
Generalized sensuality
- To take pleasure in a variety of different physical sensations - May also include a greater appreciation for the traditional lifestyle of the opposite sex
Jerene Lopez
Old Age
-
Jerene Lopez
Old Age
-
Jerene Lopez
Psychosocial crisis
Basic Strength
Core Pathology
Significant Relations
Disdain
Rejectivity Exclusivity
Role repudiation
All humanity
Divided labor
Procreativity
Adolescence
School age
Industry vs. inferiority Initiative vs. guilt Autonomy vs. shame, doubt
Inertia Inhibition
Compulsion
Play age
Early childhood
Family Parents
Mothering one
Anal-urethralmuscular
Oral-respiratory; sensorykinesthetic
Infancy
Withdrawal
Jerene Lopez
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
Larinel Fiedacan
Types
Maladaptations
-
Malignancies
-
Too much of a good thing Favors too much on the syntonic element
Not enough good quality Favors too much on the dystonic element
Larinel Fiedacan
Infancy
Sensory maladjustment
-
Withdrawal
-
Larinel Fiedacan
Early Childhood
Impulsiveness
-
Compulsion
-
A sort of shameless willfulness that leads you to jump into things without proper consideration Reckless, inconsiderate, thoughtless
Repetitive behaviors motivated by impulse or restrictions against the expression of impulse Anal, constrained and self-limiting
Larinel Fiedacan
Play Age
Ruthlessness
-
Inhibition
-
Theyd do anything to achieve their goals, even step on others Exploitative, uncaring, dispassionate
A psychological restraint that prevents freedom of thought, expression, and activity Risk-averse and unadventurous
Larinel Fiedacan
School Age
Narrow virtuosity
-
Inertia
-
A paralysis of action and thought that prevents productive work Lazy, apathetic and purposeless
Larinel Fiedacan
Adolescence
Fanaticism
-
Role repudiation
-
Rejection of roles and values that are viewed as alien to the later adolescent Socially disconnected and cut-off
Larinel Fiedacan
Young Adulthood
Promiscuity
-
Exclusivity
-
The tendency to become intimate too freely, too easily, and without any depth to your intimacy Sexually needy, vulnerable
Larinel Fiedacan
Adulthood
Overextension
-
Rejectivity
-
Unwillingness to include certain others or groups of others in one's generative concern Disinterested and cynical
Larinel Fiedacan
Old Age
Presumption
-
Disdain
-
When one presumes ego integrity without facing the difficulties of old age Conceited, pompous, arrogant
A feeling of scorn for the weakness and frailty of oneself and others Miserable, unfulfilled and blaming
Larinel Fiedacan
CHANGE
Larinel Fiedacan
Anthropological Studies
-
Through this, Erikson was able to show that early childhood training was consistent with strong cultural values and that history and society helped shape personality
Larinel Fiedacan
Psychohistory
Combines psychoanalytic concepts with historical methods - The study of individual and collective life with the combined methods of psychoanalysis and history - Used this to demonstrate that each person is a product of his/her historical time which in turn are influenced by exceptional leaders with identity conflicts
Larinel Fiedacan
Play Construction
Experimented on 10-12 children - Boys would build towers while girls would build low peaceful scenes - He concluded that anatomical differences played a role in personality development
-
Larinel Fiedacan
CRITIQUE
Larinel Fiedacan
Evaluation
-
Ability to generate research is somewhat higher than average Falsifiability is average Ability to organize knowledge is average Average as a guide to action High on internal consistency Parsimony is moderate
Larinel Fiedacan
CONCEPT OF HUMANITY
Larinel Fiedacan
Concepts of Humanity
-
Had a middle position for determinism vs. free choice Somewhat optimistic than pessimistic High on causality than teleology Mixed position for conscious vs. unconscious determinants More social than biological More on uniqueness than similarities
Larinel Fiedacan