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PROCESSING AND PURIFICATION OF

PENICILLIN
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INTRODUCTION

Antibody derived from fungi genus Penicillium

Discovered

by Alexander Flemming-1928

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STRUCTURE

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APPLICATIONS
Used

basically for medical puposes

Rheumatic fever Skin infections Dental infections role in dealing with infection of the cerebrospinal fluid or CSF.

Important

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Composition of media
Requirements for the growth of Penicillin chrysogenum are:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Lactose (Carbon source) Yeast extract (nitrogen source) Corn steep liquor (substrate) Glucose (energy source) Salts Nutrients Calcium carbonate (buffer) Phenyl acetic acid

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Process Flow Diagram

Collection of materials Preparation of media Cultivation of seed culture (small fermenter) Inoculation in large fermenter
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Growth of molds

Product recovery processes

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PRODUCT RECOVERY
Penicillin 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

recovery requires 10 steps:

Broth filteration Filtrate cooling Further filteration Extraction of penicillin with solvent Carbon treatment Transfer back to aqueous phase Solvent recovery

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Broth Filtration
Penicillin Contains

is present in the media.

intact micro-organisms, cell fragments, soluble and insoluble medium components and other metabolic products. large solid particles and microbial cells 1. Centrifugation. 2. Filtration 3. Sedimentation

Remove

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The Rotary Vacuum Filter

Commonly used for extraction of penicillin and in continuous processing.

Parts :

The Filter Drum Trough Doctors knife

Pre-coats and filter aids
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are used to assist the

Cooling of filtrate
The To

penicillin rich solution is cooled to 5C reduce enzyme and chemical degradation during the solvent extraction step.

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Solvent Extraction of Penicillin

Liquid-liquid Basis

countercurrent extraction processes occurs. - extraction agent and broth are not miscible. extraction solvent used is butyl acetate or amyl acetate. depends on K (the partition coefficient)

Penicillin:

Extraction

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K = Concentration of solute in extract

Extraction process

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Carbon treatment
Treated

with 0.25-5% activated

carbon.
Carbon

has an amorphous solid, highly developed internal pore structure. pigments and impurities.

Removes

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Transfer Back To Aqueous Phase

Using Podbienlniak centrifugal contractor. Done in presence of potassium and sodium hydroxide.

Solvent Recovery

Recovered by distillation. Distillation is carried out in 3 phases:4/14/12

1. Evaporation

Crystallization
It is a two phase process:

Primary nucleation Secondary nucleation

Crystal washing

Crystals must be washed and pre-dried in a liquid in which they are insoluble.

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Crystal Drying
Drying stabilizes many heat sensitive products.

Methods for drying penicillin:-

1. Lyophilization 2. Spray dryers. 3. Vaccum 4/14/12 band dryers.