CHEMOSYNTESIS

Haydy Layli O. Khalifatur Raziqin Rediana Murti N. XII IA-4 SMAN 1 PROBOLINGGO 2011 (14) (17) (24)

Chemosynthesis In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic molecules (e.g. hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) or methane as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in photosyntesis. Simply that chemosynthesis is the biosynthetic reactions that use energy from chemical reactions (oxidation reactions).

Chemoautotrophs organisms that obtain carbon through chemosynthesis, are phylogenetically diverse, but groups that include conspicuous or biogeochemically-important taxa include the sulfur-oxidizing gamma and epsilon proteobacteria, the Aquificaeles, the Methanogenic archaea and the neutrophilic ironoxidizing bacteria.

Many microorganisms in dark regions of the oceans also use chemosynthesis to produce biomass from single carbon molecules. Two categories can be distinguished. In the rare sites at which hydrogen molecules (H2) are available, the energy available from the reaction between CO2 and H2 (leading to production of methane, CH4) can be large enough to drive the production of biomass. Alternatively, in most oceanic environments, energy for chemosynthesis derives from reactions in which substances such as hydrogen sulfide or ammonia are oxidized. This may occur with or without the presence of oxygen.

Organism which do chemosynthesis

1) Chemosynthesis in Sulfuric bacteria reaction proceeds as follows :

Thiobacillus

2) Bacterial nitrogen, such as Nitrosomonas and Nitrosococcus obtain energy by oxidizing the NH3which has reacted with CO2 to form ammonium carbonate ((NH4) 2CO3)

Nitrosomonas

Nitrosococcus

3) Other types of bacteria are able to carry out chemosynthesis include Nitrobacter. These bacteria are able to oxidize nitrite compounds in the medium. The result is a nitrate compound and liberating the energy which will be used to synthesize organic compounds.

Nitrobacter

Questions
1) State the difference between Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis on : Basic materials, Energy sources, Actors, results, place for reaction

CHEMOSYNTHESIS
Synthesis of organic compounds from chemical reactions of inorganic compounds. Occur in certain bacteria which hasn`t chlorophyll

1. SULFUR BACTERIA CO2 + 2 H2S 2. IRON BACTERIA FERRO FERRI

CH2O + 2 S +H2O

3. N BACTERIA ( Nitrosomonas, Nitrococcus, Nitrobacter)

Nitrosomonas

(NH4)2CO3+O2
Nitrococcus

2HNO2+CO2+3H2O+Energi

Nitrobacter

Ca(NO2)2+O2

Ca(NO3)2+Energi

NITRIFIKASI

AMONIUM

NITRIT

NITRAT

DENITRIFIKASI Nitrosomonas AMONIUM Nitrococcus NITRIT Nitrobacter NITRAT