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B.Pimentel, M.D.
University of Makati – College of Nursing
PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION
1. Capillaries
3. Arteries
5. Veins
PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION
Capillaries
Types of Capillaries
2. Continuous capillaries - walls exhibit no gaps between endothelial
cells, less permeable. Located in muscle and nervous tissue.
Capillary Network
Arterial capillaries - ends of the capillaries closest to arterioles.
Venous capillaries - ends closest to venules.
Conduct blood away from the heart, to the lungs and body.
Types of arteries
4. Large elastic arteries - largest diameter, a greater amount of elastic
tissue and a smaller amount of smooth muscle in their walls.
Types of veins
4. Venules and small veins - venules conduct blood from the
capillaries to small veins, they are structurally similar to
capillaries. Small veins have a thin layer of smooth muscle in a
continuous layer.
6. Medium veins - collect blood from small veins and deliver to large
veins.
3. Blood pressure
5. Viscosity
7. Vascular compliance
PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION
Factors Affecting Blood Flow
2. Blood Pressure
A measure of the force blood exerts against blood vessel walls.
3. Viscosity
The measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow.
4. Vascular compliance
• The more easily the vessel wall stretches, the greater its
compliance.
PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION
Capillary Exchange and Regulation of Interstitial Fluid
Volume
• Capillary exchange - the movement of substances into and out of
capillaries. The most important means by which capillary
exchange occurs is diffusion.
• Lack of nutrients can also regulate local blood flow; oxygen and
other nutrients.
3. Long term local blood flow. Through tissues is matched closely to the
metabolic requirements of the tissue if elevated or decreased for a long
period of time
PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION
Local Control of Blood Flow by the Tissues
Mean arterial pressure - is slightly less than the average of systolic and
diastolic pressures.