DESIGN OF VAPOR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM UTILIZING EXHAUST GASES OF DIESEL GENSET

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
Submitted By Yashvir Singh M.Tech 5806440007 Project Co-Guide Mr. Puneet Mangla Asst. Professor HCST, Mathura Project Guide Dr. S. Chandra Director VCTM, Aligarh

introduction

Problem of load shedding Industries have their own captive power stations Diesel genset have lot of waste heat in the exhaust gases Temperature is around 600 degree celsius Utilization of exhaust gases can run a central air conditioning plant

Vapor absorption refrigeration system

ADVANTAGES OF LiBr-Water Absorption Refrigeration System

It has the highest Coefficient of performance in comparison to other single stage absorption system at same cycle temperatures. It is composed of simpler components since it can work efficiently without the need of rectification columns. A basic generator is sufficient due to the no volatility of the absorbent allowing only water vapor to be driven off the generator. Less pump work is needed due to the operation at vacuum pressures

DISADVANTAGES OF LiBr-Water Absorption Refrigeration System

It is limited to high evaporating temperatures since the refrigerant is water. This means that evaporation temperature above 00C must be satisfied to prevent flow freezing. Crystallization of LiBr salt at moderate concentrations ( 0.65 Kg LiBr/Kg solution) will tip off cycle range of operation. The systems have to be designed in hermetically sealed units since they operate at vacuum pressures.

Diesel Engine specifications

Engine Specification Model Make No. of cylinders Output-Prime Fuel Consumption @100% load Combustion air intake @100% load Cooling capacity Bore x Stroke Exhaust Temperature Exhaust flow rate Description KTA 19 G-9 Cummins 6, in line 448 KW 60 ltr/hr 32.7 m3/min 175 ltr 159 mm x 159 mm 518oC 18 m3/min

Heat balance sheet

Heat energy supplied Heat energy available from the fuel burnt KJ/s 0.0136 x 44800= 609.28 %age Heat energy consumed (Distribution) (a) Heat energy equivalent to output brake power (b) Heat energy lost to engine cooling water (c) Heat energy carried away by exhaust gases (d) Unaccounted heat energy loss Total KJ/s 325 12.54 267.01 4.73 609.28 %age 53.34% 2.05% 43.82% 0.77% 100%

Total

609.28

100%

Thermodynamic modeling and analysis

Flow diagram for LiBr/Water solution

Thermodynamic properties
The enthalpy of pure water liquid at temperature ToC hf = 4.18 T KJ/Kg The enthalpy of saturated water vapor at temperature ToC hg = 1.73T + 2501.6 KJ/Kg The specific heat of lithium bromide/water solution of concentration x kg LiBr/kg solution is given by The enthalpy of LiBr/water solution of concentration x Kg LiBr/Kg solution temperature T0C is given by

Contd..
The saturated vapor pressure P in KPa corresponding to saturation temperature ToC for pure water is given by

The saturated vapor pressure in lower line of cycle remains the same for the following points The saturated vapor pressure in upper line of cycle remains the same for the following points

Contd
Absorber concentration:

Generator concentration:

Flow rates:

Contd..
Effectiveness: Based on weak side

Based on strong side

Contd
Heat transfer in condenser, generator and absorber:

Coefficeint of performance:

Thermodynamic analysis
Input data

Te (oC)
10

Tc (oC)
40

Tg (oC)
90

Ta (oC)
40 0.52

Qe (KW)
351.6

Contd..
Thermodynamic properties at each state point
S.No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

h (KJ/Kg)
-158 -158 -80 -69 -120.3 -120.3 2660.16

P (Kpa)
1.23 7.38 7.38 7.38 7.38 1.23 7.38

x (%)
0.56 0.56 0.56 62.3 62.3 62.3 0

T (o C)
40 40 79.2 90 64 64 90

M (Kg/s)
1.64 1.64 1.64 1.49 1.49 1.49 0.149

8
9 10

167.2
167.2 2518.9

7.38
1.23 1.23

0
0 0

40
40 10

0.149
0.149 0.149

Contd..
Heat capacity of the system

Components Generator (Qg) Condenser (Qc)

Duty 476.23 (KW) 371.6 (KW)

Absorber (Qa)
Solution Heat Exchanger(Qshx) COP

455.18 (KW)
71.08 (KW) 0.789

Contd

Variation of COP with generator temperature

Variation of COP with condenser temperature

Contd..

Variation of COP with evaporator temperature

Variation of COP with absorber temperature

Contd

variation of COP with effectiveness of liquid heat exchanger

Variation of COP with generator temperature at given evaporator and condenser temperature

Contd

Variation of mass flow rate ratio with generator temperature at given evaporator and condenser temperature

Variation of mass flow rate ratio with absorber temperature at given evaporator and condenser temperature

Validation of results

Regression

R2 99.8%

T-test 39.35

P-value 0.000

Equation Simulated = 1.35 + 1.05 Calculated